Rat model of a metabolic syndrome induced by a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet with fructose in drinking water
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Published:
Apr 26, 2017
Keywords:
High-carbohydrate high-fat diet Hypertension Insulin resistance Dyslipidemia Metabolic syndrome
Main Article Content
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is one of the most important challenges in public health and biomedical research. To control this disease, research in rodent models that closely mimic the MS in humans is essential. In this study, a rat model of MS was developed in male Sprague-Dawley rats by feeding them a high-carbohydrate, high-fat (HCHF) diet with a 15% fructose solution added to their drinking water. Rats in the control group were fed a standard chow diet. During the 10 weeks on a HCHF diet, rats had developed signs of MS, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance. These changes progressively increased throughout 16 weeks of the feeding period. Their abdominal fat pads and organ wet weights (heart, liver and kidneys) significantly increased (P<0.05). Moreover, a significant decrease in hepatic and renal functions was also observed in HCHF diet-fed rats (P<0.05). Overall results suggest that chronic consumption of a HCHF diet by normal rodents provides an adequate rodent model to mimic human metabolic syndrome. This rat model of MS may be useful for studying the pathophysiological basis of MS in humans and for testing potential therapeutic interventions.
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How to Cite
Senaphan, K., Kukongviriyapan, U., Pakdeechote, P., Kukongviriyapan, V., & Pannangpetch, P. (2017). Rat model of a metabolic syndrome induced by a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet with fructose in drinking water. Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 22(2), APST–22. https://doi.org/10.14456/apst.2017.13
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Research Articles
References
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[30] Sánchez-Lozada, L.G., Tapia, E., Jiménez, A., Bautista, P., Cristóbal, M., Nepomuceno, T., Soto, V., Avila-Casado, C., Nakagawa, T., Johnson, R.J., Herrera-Acosta, J., Franco, M., 2007. Fructose-induced metabolic syndrome is associated with glomerular hypertension and renal microvascular damage in rats. American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology 292, F423-429.
[2] American Heart Association, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institue, Grundy, S.M., Cleeman, J.I., Daniels, S.R., Donato, K.A., Eckel, R.H., Franklin, B.A., Gordon, D.J., Krauss, R.M., Savage, P.J., Smith, S.C., Spertus, J.A., Costa, F., 2005. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome. An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Executive summary. Cardiology in Review 13, 322–327.
[3] Kennedy, A.J., Ellacott, K.L., King, V.L., Hasty, A.H., 2010. Mouse models of the metabolic syndrome. Disease Models & Mechanisms 3, 156-166.
[4] Vanni, E., Bugianesi, E., Kotronen, A., De Minicis, S., Yki-Jarvinen, H., Svegliati-Baroni, G., 2010. From the metabolic syndrome to NAFLD or vice versa? Digestive and Liver Disease. 42, 320-330.
[5] Palanisamy, N., Viswanathan, P., Ravichandran, M.K., Anuradha, C.V., 2010. Renoprotective and blood pressure-lowering effect of dietary soy protein via protein kinase C beta II inhibition in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 88, 28-37.
[6] Alberti, K.G.M.M., Eckel, R.H., Grundy, S.M., Zimmet, P.Z., Cleeman, J.I., Donato, K.A., Fruchart, J.-C., James, W.P.T., Loria, C.M., Smith, S.C., International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention, Hational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, American Heart Association, World Heart Federation, International Atherosclerosis Society, International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2009. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation 120, 1640–1645.
[7] Zimmet, P., Magliano, D., Matsuzawa, Y., Alberti, G., Shaw, J., 2005. The metabolic syndrome: a global public health problem and a new definition. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 12, 295-300.
[8] Aekplakorn, W., Chongsuvivatwong, V., Tatsanavivat, P., Suriyawongpaisal, P., 2011. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation and National Cholesterol Education Program criteria among Thai adults. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 23, 792-800.
[9] Lehnen, A.M., Rodrigues, B., Irigoyen, M.C., De Angelis, K., Schaan, B.D., 2013. Cardiovascular changes in animal models of metabolic syndrome. Journal of Diabetes Research 2013, 761314.
[10] Panchal, S.K., Brown, L., 2011. Rodent models for metabolic syndrome research. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011, 351982.
[11] Marsh, S.A., Dell'italia, L.J., Chatham, J.C., 2009. Interaction of diet and diabetes on cardiovascular function in rats. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 296, H282-292.
[12] Thirunavukkarasu, V., Anitha Nandhini, A.T., Anuradha, C.V., 2004. Lipoic acid attenuates hypertension and improves insulin sensitivity, kallikrein activity and nitrite levels in high fructose-fed rats. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 174, 587-592.
[13] Buettner, R., Parhofer, K.G., Woenckhaus, M., Wrede, C.E., Kunz-Schughart, L.A., Schölmerich, J., Bollheimer, L.C., 2006. Defining high-fat-diet rat models: metabolic and molecular effects of different fat types. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 36, 485–501.
[14] Panchal, S.K., Poudyal, H., Iyer, A., Nazer, R., Alam, A., Diwan, V., Kauter, K., Sernia, C., Campbell, F., Ward, L., Gobe, G., Fenning, A., Brown, L., 2011. High-carbohydrate high-fat diet–induced metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular remodeling in rats. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 57, 51–64.
[15] Bray, G.A., Nielsen, S.J., Popkin, B.M., 2004. Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79, 537-43.
[16] Kamen, A., Wroblewski, F., LaDue, J.E., 1995. Journal of Clinical Investigation 34, 126-33.
[17] Henry, R.J., Chiamori, N., Golub, J., Berkman, S., 1960. Revised spectrophotometric methods for the determination of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and lactic acid dehydrogenase. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 34, 381-398.
[18] Bowers, G.N., McComb, R.B., 1966. A continuous spectrophotometric method for measuring the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase. Clinical Chemistry 12, 70-89.
[19] Junge, W., Wilke, B., Halabi, A., Klein, G., 2004. Determination of reference intervals for serum creatinine, creatinine excretion and creatinine clearance with an enzymatic and a modified Jaffe method. Clinica Chimica Acta 344, 137-148.
[20] Isomaa, B., Almgren, P., Tuomi, T., Forsén, B., Lahti, K., Nissén, M., Taskinen, M.R., Groop, L., 2001. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 24, 683–689.
[21] Musso, G., Gambino, R., Cassader, M., 2010. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease from pathogenesis to management: an update. Obesity Reviews 11, 430-445.
[22] Jo, J., Gavrilova, O., Pack, S., Jou, W., Mullen, S., Sumner, A.E., Cushman, S.W., Periwal, V., 2009. Hypertrophy and/or Hyperplasia: Dynamics of Adipose Tissue Growth. PLoS computational biology 5, e1000324.
[23] Kershaw, E.E., Flier, J.S., 2004. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 89,2548-2556.
[24] Yanai, H., Tomono, Y., Ito, K., Furutani, N., Yoshida, H., Tada, N., 2008. The underlying mechanisms for development of hypertension in the metabolic syndrome. Nutrition Journal 7, 10.
[25] Gutiérrez-Salmeán, G., Ceballos-Reyes, G., Ramírez-Sánchez, I., n.d. Obesity and metabolic syndrome: Future therapeutics based on novel molecular pathways. Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis 204–211.
[26] Basciano, H., Federico, L., Adeli, K., 2005. Fructose, insulin resistance, and metabolic dyslipidemia. Nutrition & Metabolism 2, 5.
[27] Paschos, P., Paletas, K., 2009. Non alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome. Hippokratia 13, 9-19.
[28] Tran, L.T., Yuen, V.G., McNeill, J.H., 2009. The fructose-fed rat: a review on the mechanisms of fructose-induced insulin resistance and hypertension. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 332, 145-159.
[29] Sánchez-Lozada, L.G., Tapia, E., Bautista-García, P., Soto, V., Avila-Casado, C., Vega-Campos, I.P., Nakagawa, T., Zhao, L., Franco, M., Johnson, R.J., 2008. Effects of febuxostat on metabolic and renal alterations in rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology 294, F710-718.
[30] Sánchez-Lozada, L.G., Tapia, E., Jiménez, A., Bautista, P., Cristóbal, M., Nepomuceno, T., Soto, V., Avila-Casado, C., Nakagawa, T., Johnson, R.J., Herrera-Acosta, J., Franco, M., 2007. Fructose-induced metabolic syndrome is associated with glomerular hypertension and renal microvascular damage in rats. American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology 292, F423-429.