A Regulatory Framework for Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Domestic Flights in Thailand

Abstract

This research aims to 1) study, analyze, and compare the regulatory principles (Economic and supportive measures) governing carbon dioxide emissions from domestic flights between aviation regulatory authorities in Thailand, United Kingdom, United State Of America and 2) propose a regulatory framework of policy and integrated measures for carbon dioxide emissions from domestic flights in Thailand. Key informants include nine individuals comprising civil aviation regulatory experts, aviation environmental specialists, and representatives from domestic air operators. In-depth interviews were employed as the primary research instrument, and the data were analyzed using comparative content analysis and thematic analysis of the interview findings.

The research indicates that Thailand currently lacks a designated authority, specific regulatory criteria, and both mandatory and supportive measures tailored to the regulation of carbon dioxide emissions from domestic flights. Based on the findings, four key recommendations are proposed for developing a regulatory framework: 1) Establish a clear national policy on aviation environmental management, implemented through inter-agency coordination with clearly defined roles and responsibilities under an appropriate legal framework; 2) Introduce mandatory fiscal instruments or market-based mechanisms to incentivize air operators to adopt more environmentally friendly technologies; 3) Promote the use of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) by supporting certified local production and offering incentives to encourage airline adoption; and 4) Develop a centralized Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) system to ensure accurate and consistent emissions data reporting.