การทำแท้งและกรอบความจำเป็นในมุมมองของนักปราชญ์อิสลาม
Keywords:
Abortion, Necessity, Perspectives, Islamic scholarsAbstract
Abstract
This qualitative research aims to study the framework of necessity and possibility of abortion based on Islamic scholars. The research is document-based, exploring the works of renowned Islamic scholars, including the al-Quran Assunnah Thesis textbook al-Hanafiah,al-Malikiah, Ash-Shafi'iah, and al- Hanabilah. Also, the research analysis incorporates perspectives and views derived from evidence documents and concludes with the findings of this research.
The research reveals that if the necessity of abortion is based on religious statutes and it results in the death of a pregnant woman, then it is strictly prohibited. Abortion is only permitted in order to save the life of the pregnant woman. If the decision to abort is not based on this, it implies intentional killing of the pregnant woman. As for abortion before the ensoulment of the fetus, Islamic scholars hold different views. al-Hanafiah has two perspectives: 1) complete prohibition of abortion, and 2) allowance within the first four months of pregnancy. According to al-Malikiah, all procedures related to abortion are completely forbidden. As for Ash-Shafi'iah and Al-Hanbali, abortion is permitted within the first 40 days of pregnancy but strictly prohibited otherwise. Abortion that may result in scandal can be perceived from two perspectives: 1) allowance before ensoulment, or 2) complete prohibition. Regarding cases where abortion is deemed necessary due to fetal abnormalities, there are two perspectives: 1) allowance if the abnormalities are detected early in the pregnancy, or 2) complete prohibition. Therefore, based on the aforementioned cases, abortion is not permitted when the embryo is healthy and not abnormal, as well as when it may cause the death of the pregnant woman.
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