THE APPLICATION OF BUDDHIST PRINCIPLES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE AMONG LOCAL PEOPLE: A CASE STUDY OF FARMERS IN MUEANG DISTRICT, NONG KHAI PROVINCE

Abstract

Abstract

This research article aims to: 1) examine the conditions and challenges of agricultural practices; 2) study Buddhist principles applied as Buddhist innovations in agricultural development; and 3) investigate the application of Buddhist innovations in agricultural development among the people of Nong Khai Province. This qualitative research is based on data analysis from the Tipitaka, academic Buddhist literature, relevant research, and field interviews. The findings are presented through descriptive analysis.

The results reveal that: 1) Most farmers in Nong Khai still rely on traditional agriculture, such as rice farming, animal husbandry, and mixed cropping, which depend heavily on natural resources. However, they face serious problems including water scarcity, soil degradation, excessive use of agrochemicals, and high production costs, leading to debt and economic insecurity. Moreover, there is a lack of collective innovation and sustainable agricultural knowledge. 2) Key Buddhist principles suitable for agricultural development include: (1) Diṭṭhadhamikattha focusing on diligence, resourcefulness, good companionship, and moderation; (2) Majjhimāpaṭipadā promoting balanced livelihood; and (3) Avihiṃsā emphasizing non-harm to the environment. These principles encourage farmers to cultivate perseverance, live modestly, and recognize the interconnectedness between humans and nature. 3) The application of Buddhist innovations in agricultural development in Nong Khai Province, particularly the integration of Majjhimāpaṭipadā, Avihiṃsā, and Diṭṭhadhamikattha, shows that farmers can harmonize these principles into both their way of life and agricultural practices. This approach fosters environmental responsibility and household economic stability. Despite challenges in market access and institutional support, Buddhist innovation demonstrates strong potential for sustainable rural development.