A STUDY OF BUDDHIST PRINCIPLES FOR ENHANCING HAPPINESS IN THE DAILY LIVES OF OLDER ADULTS

Abstract

Abstract

This research article aimed to: (1) examine Buddhist principles that promote happiness among older adults; (2) synthesize Buddhist knowledge for enhancing the well-being of older adults; and (3) propose guidelines for applying Buddhist principles to a happy way of life. This study employed documentary research by examining the Tipiṭaka, commentaries, books, textbooks, research studies, and academic articles. The data were analyzed through content analysis, categorization, comparison, and interpretive synthesis.

The findings revealed that: (1) the principal Buddhist teachings comprised the Threefold Training, the Fourfold Development, the Four Sublime States, mindfulness and concentration, the Four Noble Truths, and the Three Characteristics. These teachings are interconnected as a holistic process of human development. (2) The synthesis resulted in an integrated Buddhist framework comprising four dimensions. Physical development promotes health care and a balanced way of life. Moral and social development encourages appropriate conduct, supportive relationships, and social participation. Mental development cultivates mindfulness, inner peace, emotional stability, and reduced anxiety. Wisdom development enhances an understanding of change, acceptance of reality, and rational detachment. (3) The proposed application should be implemented concurrently at the individual, family, community, temple, and institutional levels through activities appropriate to the health conditions, interests, and contexts of older adults. The synthesized knowledge indicates that mindfulness serves as the mechanism connecting all four dimensions of development; the Threefold Training functions as a process of self-development; the Four Sublime States provide a foundation for constructive relationships; and the Four Noble Truths offer a wisdom-based framework for managing suffering appropriately and in accordance with the actual circumstances of contemporary older adults. In conclusion, the systematic application of Buddhist principles can sustainably enhance inner happiness, positive relationships, a sense of self-worth, and the quality of life of older adults.