คณิตศาสตร์และธรรมชาติในการออกแบบสวนในวิลล่าอิตาลี: กรณีศึกษาวิลล่ากัมเบไรยา (Mathematics and Nature in Italian Villa Garden Design: Case Study of Villa Gamberaia)

บทคัดย่อ

This article aims to study the role of mathematics in the planning process of architecture and garden in villas in Tuscany, Italy by the case study of villa Gamberaia at Settigano, suburb of Florence. The methods are to survey the development of villas which was revived in the Renaissance period in term of the body and mind cultivating in the country side and the mathematical concepts and methods which applied into the Renaissance art practice and architectural design. The findings are 1. Villa Gamberaia used the north-south axis in master planning to set the long lawn called the Bowling Green and then integrated all architectural and garden elements into this axis. 2. The perspective was employed to construct the visual effect of the elements in and around the villa. From the western terrace of the villa is the panorama of Florence with the dome of Santa Maria del Fiore could be seen clearly and beautifully as a referential point. The elements in the garden referred to the Greek mythology such as The Nymphaeum of Pan, the statue of Diana, the grotto, the lemonaia together with the new symmetrical lay-out derived from arithmetic, the hidden order of the great Creator. All the elements are aligned with the main axis thus expressed the idea of “order” in the ancient time which was “re” naissance again in this period.