思维导图法在泰国中学汉字教学中的实验研究

บทคัดย่อ

本研究目标在于1.设计泰国中学汉字教学思维导图模式，对汉字教学进 行实验研究。2.对比学生在使用思维导图教学模式前后汉字可行性和学生的 能力变化。3.使用思维导图模式改进汉字教学，使学习过程的效率和学习后 的合格率达到百分之八十以上。4.考察学生对思维导图汉字教学模式的满意 度。实验时间在于佛历2557年第二学期，研究对象是泰国清莱府美占县，美 占中学高一年级汉语专业班的学生，利用立意抽样法选取学生共32名。实验 工具是思维导图汉字教学模式教案，设计8课时进行教学实验。按照课文《体 验汉语》学生用书高中第二册，选取汉字出现最多的偏旁，作为每一单元的 中心词，一共选取10个偏旁：“口、饣、钅、衤、宀、辶、日、氵、木、女” 。前后测试卷、满意度问卷调查表。以实验法，采取“单组前测，后测设计” ，实验结果分析利用t-test dependent，结合平均数（xˉ）、标准差(S.D.) 进行数据统计分析，得出以下结论：

1.设计思维导图汉字教学模式实验研究的结果。思维导图可以建立思考 与学习模式，思维导图汉字教学法可以发展学习者的汉字联想记忆，帮助学 习者自发学习。大多数学生对汉字思维导图教学模式感兴趣，能够积极参与 设计汉字思维导图，对汉字思维导图教学模式持积极与肯定的态度。

2.学生使用思维导图教学模式前后的测验结果。学生的后测成绩的平均 数高于前测分数，显著性为 .001。达显著性差异。学生后测成绩的平均数 79.31，标准差8.64，高于前测成绩，前测平均数2.44，标准差11.26。结果 显示经过“汉字思维导图教学模式”后，学生基本掌握汉字的偏旁，写法并 能结合汉字偏旁进行汉字联想学习，汉字书写能力及汉字联想学习能力有所 提高。

3.思维导图汉字教学模式教材测验效率的结果，教案内容包含思维导 图汉字教学步骤，汉字偏旁，汉字偏旁联想思维导图。汉字偏旁测验。教 材测验效率的结果是 80.23/79.31 ，结果接近所预期的合格率是百分之八 十。

4.学生对“汉字思维导图教学法”满意度问卷调查数据显示,大多数 学生对“汉字思维导图教学模式”感到满意，总评分为 3.92。认为汉字思 维导图教学模式使其汉字学习变得更简单，评分为4.07。有利于汉字书写 及汉字联想学习能力的提高。

The Experiment Research of Mind Mapping Applied to Chinese Characters Teaching in High School of Thailand

The purposes of this research were to : (1) design the mind map of Chinese Character teaching in Thailand middles and Experimental studying on Chinese Characrers teaching; (2) contrast the feasibility of Chinese characters and students’ ability after applying the mind map; (3) improve the reliability of Chinese character teaching mind map mode and making the efficiency of learning process and qualified rate eighty percents or more; (4) inspect the students’ attitude towards the mind map of Chinese character teaching mode. The experiment was scheduled in the second term of the academic year 2014. The samples were Mathayomasuksa 4 students of Maechan Wittayakhom School, Maechan District, Chiang Rai Province. The samples were selected by purposive sampling to make an experimental group of thirty-two students.

The research instruments consisted of 8 lesson plans according to the textbook called Experiencing Chinese Student Book for High School, using mind mapping Chinese character teaching and experiment designing, before and after tests, and the satisfaction questionnaire. By experimental method, adopting the one-group pretest-posttest design, using t-test dependent to analyze the results, combining with the average, the conclusions were as follows:

1. Regarding the mind mapping results of the experimental study of Chinese characters teaching mode, mind mapping could be adopted to build the mode of thinking and learning and the teacher lets the students gradually experience it. Mind mapping Chinese character teaching method could develop the learners associative memory of Chinese characters, stimulating them to spontaneously learn. Most students were interested in Chinese character mind map teaching mode and they actively participated in design of it and kept a positive attitude toward it.

2. According to the result of using Mind Map mode in testing textbooks, the lesson plans containing the steps of using Mind Map, radicals of Chinese of characters, the related thinking of radicals, and the tests, the results of textbook testing were 80.23 / 79.31. And it was very close to the expected result of 80%.

3. The results of using the Mind Map could be concluded that the average score of after using the Mind Map was higher than the pre-test’. The significance was .001 and it was a significant difference. The average post-score of students is 79.31. And the standard deviation was 8.64. Both of them were higher than the pre-test average. The pre-test average was 2.44, and the standard deviation was 11.26. The results proved that after using the Mind Map mode, the students could master the radical characters, and how to write them. Mastering the radical character, students could study characters with some related thinking. Their writing ability and character leaning ability would be improved obviously.

4. The Students were satisfied with the Mind Map mode, the survey data showed that most students were satisfied with it, with a total score of 3.92. They thought it was the Mind Map mode that made it easier for theto lean Chinese characters. The total score was 4.07. And it would benefit Chinese character writing and Chinese character leaning a lot.