Cardiovascular risk factors and 10-year CV risk scores in adults aged 30-70 years old in Amnat Charoen Province, Thailand
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Published:
Dec 26, 2019
Keywords:
Thai CV risk score Adults Amnat Charoen Thailand
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally. Over three quarters of CVD events take place in low-and middle-income countries, and the CVD rate in Thailand is higher relative to other Asian countries at 32.3 percent. This research aimed to examine Thai Cardiovascular (CV) risk scores in a population aged 30-70 years old residing in Amnat Charoen Province, a northeastern province of Thailand. This cross-sectional study used sampling conducted by probability proportional to size, with 382 participants from 2 of Amnat Charoen’s 7 districts. Data were collected using anthropometric measurement, blood tests, and face-to-face interviews. At baseline, the mean Thai CV risk scores were at a low level (6.1 ± SD 5.5%). The research illustrated that 83.0 percent of the participants had low CV risk scores, while 17.0 percent had high CV risk scores. Logistic regression analysis illustrated that the significant predictors of CV risk scores were age (Odds Ratio (OR) 81.74; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 28.65-233.18), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR, 5.90; 95% CI 2.28-15.29), smoking status (OR, 4.12; 95% CI 1.15-14.69), average time to fall sleep at night (OR, 2.81; 95% CI 1.17-7.09), and participation in health activities (OR, 3.89; 95% CI 1.62-9.36). The findings of this research imply that certain behaviors could contribute to CVD events. Therefore, it is recommended that these results be applied toward creating guidelines for emphasizing therapeutic healthy lifestyles and establishing appropriate interventions or health education programs to raise knowledge about and awareness of CVD events among Thai adults.
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Kingkaew, N., & Antadech, T. (2019). Cardiovascular risk factors and 10-year CV risk scores in adults aged 30-70 years old in Amnat Charoen Province, Thailand. Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 24(04), APST–24. Retrieved from https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/APST/article/view/181250
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Research Articles
References
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[24] Sands M, Loucks E.B, Lu B, Carskadon M.A, Sharkey K, Stefanick M. et al. Self-reported snoring and risk of Cardiovascular Disease among post-menopausal women (from the Women's Health Initiative). Am. J. Card. 2013;111(4):540-546.
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[28] Hung J, Whitford E.G, Parsons R.W, Hillman D.R. Association of sleep apnoea with myocardial infarction in men. Lancet. 1990;336(8710):261-264.
[29] Shahar E, Whitney C.W, Redline S, Lee E.T, Newman A.B, Nieto F.J. et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and Cardiovascular Disease: cross-sectional results of the sleep heart health study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(1):19-25.
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[31] Kjeldsen S.E. Hypertension and cardiovascular risk: general aspects. Pharmacol Res. 2018;129:95-99.
[32] Garg N, Muduli S.K, Kapoor A, Tewari S, Kumar S, Khanna R. et al. Comparison of different cardiovascular risk score calculators for cardiovascular risk prediction and guideline recommended statin uses. Indian Heart J. 2017;69 (4):458-463.
[2] Khor GL. Cardiovascular epidemiology in the Asia-Pacific region. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2001;10(2):76-80.
[3] Phanmung N, Yulertlob A, Latthi S. Cardiovascular diseases. In: Disease NC, editor. Ministry of Public Health, Thailand 2018. p. 1 (Thai).
[4] Bundhamcharoen K, Odton P, Phulkerd S, Tangcharoensathien V. Burden of disease in Thailand: changes in health gap between 1999 and 2004. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):1-9.
[5] Franklin S.S, Khan S.A, Wong N.D, Larson M.G, Levy D. Is pulse pressure useful in predicting risk for coronary heart disease? The framingham heart study. Circulation. 1999;100(4):354-360.
[6] Collins G.S, Altman D.G. An independent and external validation of QRISK2 cardiovascular disease risk score: a prospective open cohort study. BMJ. 2010;340:2442.
[7] Hlatky M.A, Greenland P, Arnett D.K, Ballantyne C.M, Criqui M.H, Elkind M.S.V. et al. Criteria for evaluation of novel markers of cardiovascular risk: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2009;119(17):2408-2416.
[8] Vathesatogkit P, Woodward M, Tanomsup S, Ratanachaiwong W, Vanavanan S, Yamwong S. et al. Cohort profile: the electricity generating authority of Thailand study. Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41(2):359-365.
[9] Department of Non-Communicable Disease. Guidelines for assessment of cardiovascular risk. 1, editor. Thailand 2018 (Thai).
[10] Punset K, Klinthuesin S, Kingkaew A, Wongmaneeroj W. Cardiovascular risk among staffs working at the central of Ministry of Public Health using risk assessment of Rama-EGAT heart score. Nurs J Public Health. 2013;1(1):57-70.
[11] Weeraphon P. CDC Report, Amnat Charoen Provincial Health Office [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Nov 4]. Available from: https://acr.hdc.moph.go.th/hdc/reports/report.php?source=pformated/format2.php&cat_id= 491672679818600345dc1833920051b2&id=65fdb98bca9c344737fcb1fd4b64e9e5 (Thai)
[12] Wikipedia. Amnat Charoen Province [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Dec 19]. Available from: https://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnat_Charoen_Province
[13] HDC Report. Amnat Charoen Province [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Dec 19]. Available from:https://acr.hdc. moph.go.th/hdc/reports/report.php?source=formated/pop_sex_age.php&cat_id=ac4eed1bddb23d6130746d62d2538fd0&id=710884bc8d16f755073cf194970b064a# (Thai).
[14] Daniel W.W, Cross C.L. Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences. 10, editor. Singapore: Wiley; 2013.
[15] Definitions of smoking status [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 Mar 31]. Available from: https://www.health. govt.nz/our-work/preventative-health-wellness/tobacco-control/tobacco-control-information-practitioners/ definitions-smoking-status
[16] Drinking levels defined, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [Internet]. 2017 [cited Jan 6 2017]. Available from: https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/moderate-binge-drinking.
[17] WHO. Physical activity and adults [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2018 Sept 11]. Available from: https://www.who. int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_adults/en/.
[18] Aekplakorn W, Hogan M.C, Chongsuvivatwong V, Tatsanaviva P, Chariyalertsak S, Boontham A. et al. Trends in obesity and associaitons with education and urban or rural residence in Thailand. Obesity. 2007;15(12):3113-3120.
[19] Boonyapiphat P, Noparat C. Laboratory procedure manual. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2018 Dec 11]. Available from: https://www.pathology. psu.ac.th/images/PathoDoc/PathoManual2561.pdf 156p. (Thai).
[20] Steffes M. Laboratory Procedure Manual. USA: University of Minnesota Medical Center, Fairview Collaborative Studies Clinical Laboratory Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2008 Contract No.: 1.
[21] Chan YH. Biostatistics 202: logistic regression analysis. Singapore Med J. 2004;45(4):149-153.
[22] Barroso L.C, Muro E.C, Herrera N.D, Ochoa G.F, Hueros J.I.C, Buitrago F. Performance of the framingham and SCORE cardiovascular risk prediction functions in a non-diabetic population of a Spanish Health Care Centre: a validation study. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2010;28(4):242-248.
[23] Boo S, Froelicher E.S. Cardiovascular risk factors and 10-year risk for Coronary Heart Disease in Korean women. Asian Nurs Res. 2012;6(1):1-8.
[24] Sands M, Loucks E.B, Lu B, Carskadon M.A, Sharkey K, Stefanick M. et al. Self-reported snoring and risk of Cardiovascular Disease among post-menopausal women (from the Women's Health Initiative). Am. J. Card. 2013;111(4):540-546.
[25] Lee W, Nagubadi S, Kryger M.H, Mokhlesi B. Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population-based perspective. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2008;2(3):349-364.
[26] Malhotra A, Loscalzo J. Sleep and cardiovascular disease: an overview. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;51(4): 279-284.
[27] Pepperell J.C, Ramdassingh-Dow S, Crosthwaite N, Mullins R, Jenkinson C, Stradling J.R. et al. Ambulatory blood pressure after therapeutic and subtherapeutic nasal continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised parallel trial. Lancet. 2002;359(9302):204-210.
[28] Hung J, Whitford E.G, Parsons R.W, Hillman D.R. Association of sleep apnoea with myocardial infarction in men. Lancet. 1990;336(8710):261-264.
[29] Shahar E, Whitney C.W, Redline S, Lee E.T, Newman A.B, Nieto F.J. et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and Cardiovascular Disease: cross-sectional results of the sleep heart health study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(1):19-25.
[30] Arzt M., Young T, Finn L, Skatrud J.B, Bradley T.D. Association of sleep-disordered breathing and the occurrence of stroke. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172(11):1447-1451.
[31] Kjeldsen S.E. Hypertension and cardiovascular risk: general aspects. Pharmacol Res. 2018;129:95-99.
[32] Garg N, Muduli S.K, Kapoor A, Tewari S, Kumar S, Khanna R. et al. Comparison of different cardiovascular risk score calculators for cardiovascular risk prediction and guideline recommended statin uses. Indian Heart J. 2017;69 (4):458-463.