Growth performance and intestinal morphology of common lowland frog (Rana rugulosa) fed diets supplemented with lotus (Nelumbo nuc
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Published:
Jul 15, 2016
Keywords:
Common lowland frog Rana rugulosa Lotus Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Growth performance Intestinal morphology
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Abstract
The aims of this research were to study the effect of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. stamen extract (NNSE) as a natural feed additive on growth performance and intestinal morphology of common lowland frog (Rana rugulosa). Frogs with an average of 16.35±0.68 g were fed with diets containing 0, 1, 3 and 5% of NNSE for 11 weeks. The results showed that final weight, weight gain, average daily gain and specific growth rate of frogs fed the diets incorporated with NNSE were significantly higher than those of frogs fed the basal diet (P<0.05). In addition, frogs fed diets mixed with NNSE significantly decreased feed conversion ratio compared to the control (P<0.05). No significant changes occurred in the survival rate, hepatosomatic index and intestinosomatic index among the groups (P>0.05). Villi heights, villi widths, the thicknesses of villi, longitudinal muscularis and circular muscularis in the intestines of frogs fed the diets containing NNSE had significantly higher than frogs fed the control diet (P<0.05). Feeding behavior, feed acceptability and health of frogs in the experimental groups were similar to the control group, indicating that NNSE did not have any toxic effect on frog. The optimal concentration of NNSE observed in this investigation was 5%. Thus, our research supports the use of NNSE as natural feed additive in the diet to improve growth and intestinal morphology of frog.
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How to Cite
Thummek, P., Aoki, S., & Munglue, P. (2016). Growth performance and intestinal morphology of common lowland frog (Rana rugulosa) fed diets supplemented with lotus (Nelumbo nuc. Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 21(2), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.14456/kkurj.2016.29
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Research Articles
References
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[25] Maneeprasert P, Srisuriyathada A, Wongsathein D, Khattiya R, Pikulkaew S. Effect of cysteamine on growth performance in juvenile red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Chiang Mai Vet J. 2009 Apr;7(1): 31-8. Thai.
[26] Becker K, Makkar HPS. Effects of dietary tannic acid and quebracho tannin on growth performance and metabolic rates of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Aquaculture. 1999 May 15;175(3-4):327-35.
[27] Mérida SN, Tomás-Vidal A, Martínez-Llorens S, Cerdá MJ. Sunfower meal as a partial substitute in juvenile sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo) diets: amino acid retention, gut and liver histology. Aquaculture. 2010 Jan 7;298(3-4):275-81.
[28] Fang C, Ma M, Ji H, Ren T, Mims SD. Alterations of digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology and microbiota in juvenile paddlefish, Polyodon spathula, fed dietary probiotics. Fish Physiol Biochem. 2015 Feb;41(1):91-105.
[29] Kamali Sangani A, Masoudi AA, Hosseini SA, The effects of herbal plants on Mucin 2 gene expression and performance in ascetic broilers. Iran J Vet Med. 2014;8(1):47-52.
[30] Manzanilla EG, Nofrarías M, Anguita M, Castillo M, Perez JF, Martín-Orúe SM, Kamel C, Gasa J. Effects of butyrate, avilamycin, and a plant extract combination on the intestinal equilibrium of early-weaned pigs. J Anim Sci. 2006 Oct;84(10):2743-51.
[2] Teabsri S, Jiwyam W. The effect of stocking density on growth and survival rate of Bullfrog (Rana catesbeina Shaw, 1982) tadpoles. KKU Res J. 2005 AprJune;10(2):129-34. Thai.
[3] Pariyanonth P, Daorerk V. Frog farming in Thailand. In Nambiar KKB, Singh T, (editors).Infofish-Aquatech’94: Proceedings of the International Conference on Aquaculture; 1994 Aug 29-31; Colombo, Sri Lanka; 1994. P. 1-13.
[4] Miles J, Williams J, Hailey A. Frog farming: investigation of biological and mechanical agents to increase the consumption of pelleted food by adult Rana temporaria. Apple Herpetol. 2004;1(3):271-86.
[5] Matson P, Gaikhorst G, Kappelle W, Webb S, Brown S. Enriched diets and the growth, development and survival of Litoria moorei (Anura) tadpoles reared in captivity at low density. Asian Herpetol Res. 2010;1(2):103-10.
[6] Mauel MJ, Miller DL, Frazier KS, Hines II ME. Bacterial pathogens isolated from cultured bullfrogs (Rana castesbeiana). J Vet Diagn Invest. 2002 Sept;14(5):431-3.
[7] Sririkanonda S. Diseases of cultured frog (Rana tigerina) in southern part of Thailand. Princess of Naradhiwas University J. 2009 Sept-Dec;1(3):102-17. Thai.
[8] Kotsuntea T, Chaiyasin C, Hanmontree R, Jitrajak T. The effectiveness of herbs and bio- extract on growth and survival rate in Tadpole. J Fish Tech Res. 2013 July-Dec;7(2):51-9. Thai.
[9] Dibner JJ, Richards JD. Antibiotic growth promoters in agriculture: history and mode of action. Poult Sci. 2005 Apr;84(4):634-43.
[10] Reverter M, Bontemps N, Lecchini D, Banaigs B, Sasal P. Use of plant extracts in fish aquaculture as an alternative to chemotherapy: current status and future perspectives. Aquaculture. 2014 Sept 20;433:50-61.
[11] Acar U, Kesbic OS, Yilmaz S, Gultepe N, Turker A. Evaluation of the effects essential oil extracted from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on growth rate of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and possible disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. Aquaculture. 2015 Feb 1;437:282-86.
[12] Mahidol C, Prawat H, Prachyawarakorn V, Ruchirawat S. Investigation of some bioactive Thai medicinal plants. Phytochem Rev. 2002 Oct;1(3):287-97.
[13] Rates SMK. Plants as source of drugs. Toxicon. 2001 May;39(5):603-13.
[14] Citarasu T, Herbal biomedicines: a new opportunity for aquaculture industry. Aquacult Int. 2010 Apr;18(3):403-14.
[15] Francis G, Makkar HPS, Becker K. Quillaja saponins-a natural growth promoters for fish. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2005 June 9;121(1-2): 147-57.
[16] Serrano JR AE. Effects of Quillaja saponins on growth, feed efficiency, digestive enzyme activities and metabolism of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Aquacult Nutr. 2013 Aug;19(4):468-74.
[17] Kaewtapee V, Wadwijid P, Smitasiri Y. Induction of frog tadpole development with Pueraria mirifica dried tuber and Butea superba root powder. Khon Kaen Agr J. 2011;39(Suppl 1):260-64. Thai.
[18] Munglue P. Effects of dietary Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) peduncle extract on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). ENRIC 2014 :Global Climate Change and Sustainability Pathways: Proceedings of the 1st Environment and Natural Resources International Conference; 2014 Nov 6-7; Bangkok, Thailand; 2014. P. 279-82.
[19] Munglue P. Effect of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. leaf extract on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). SDU Res J. 2015 Jan-Apr;8(1):45-56.
[20] Kashiwada Y, Aoshima A, Ikeshiro Y, Chen Y-P, Furukawa H, Itoigawa M, et al. Anti-HIV benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and flavonoids from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera, and structure-activity correlations with related alkaloids. Bioorg Med Chem. 2005 Jan 17;13(2):443-48.
[21] Kim M-J, Shin H-S. Antioxidative effects of lotus seed and seedpod extracts. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2012 Dec 31;21(6):1761-66.
[22] Kim KH, Chang SW, Ryu SY, Choi SU, Lee KR. Phytochemical constituents of Nelumbo nucifera. Nat Prod Sci. 2009;15(2):90-5.
[23] Mukherjee PK, Saha K, Das J, Pal M, Saha BP. Studies on the anti- inflammatory activity of rhizomes of Nelumbo nucifera. Planta Med. 1997 Aug;63(4):367-69.
[24] Mukherjee D, Khatua TN, Saha PVBP, Mukherjee PK. Immunomodulatory potential of rhizome and seed extracts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Mar 24;128(2):490-4.
[25] Maneeprasert P, Srisuriyathada A, Wongsathein D, Khattiya R, Pikulkaew S. Effect of cysteamine on growth performance in juvenile red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Chiang Mai Vet J. 2009 Apr;7(1): 31-8. Thai.
[26] Becker K, Makkar HPS. Effects of dietary tannic acid and quebracho tannin on growth performance and metabolic rates of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Aquaculture. 1999 May 15;175(3-4):327-35.
[27] Mérida SN, Tomás-Vidal A, Martínez-Llorens S, Cerdá MJ. Sunfower meal as a partial substitute in juvenile sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo) diets: amino acid retention, gut and liver histology. Aquaculture. 2010 Jan 7;298(3-4):275-81.
[28] Fang C, Ma M, Ji H, Ren T, Mims SD. Alterations of digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology and microbiota in juvenile paddlefish, Polyodon spathula, fed dietary probiotics. Fish Physiol Biochem. 2015 Feb;41(1):91-105.
[29] Kamali Sangani A, Masoudi AA, Hosseini SA, The effects of herbal plants on Mucin 2 gene expression and performance in ascetic broilers. Iran J Vet Med. 2014;8(1):47-52.
[30] Manzanilla EG, Nofrarías M, Anguita M, Castillo M, Perez JF, Martín-Orúe SM, Kamel C, Gasa J. Effects of butyrate, avilamycin, and a plant extract combination on the intestinal equilibrium of early-weaned pigs. J Anim Sci. 2006 Oct;84(10):2743-51.