Transformation Trends of Thai Agribusiness in Agriculture 6.0 Era
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Abstract
This study aims to (1) analyze the transformation of the agricultural sector from Agriculture 5.0 to Agriculture 6.0, (2) analyze the business environment and development approaches for agricultural enterprises in the Agriculture 6.0 era, (3) examine trends, business opportunities, and adaptation strategies for entrepreneurs and farmers in the Agriculture 6.0 era, and (4) develop a framework for infrastructure, human resources, and policy development necessary for the transition to Agriculture 6.0. Thailand's agricultural sector has undergone continuous evolution from subsistence agriculture in the 1960s to commercial agriculture during 1980-1990, before entering Agriculture 4.0 in 2017 under the Thailand 4.0 policy that emphasized digital technology and precision agriculture. This was followed by Agriculture 5.0, which integrated automation systems and artificial intelligence, and currently advancing toward Agriculture 6.0, which combines digital technology, biotechnology, and environmental responsibility concepts. The study employs qualitative analysis methods through systematic literature review, SWOT analysis, and TOWS Matrix, along with data synthesis from relevant policy documents and strategic plans. The findings reveal that Agriculture 6.0 comprises five core practices: regenerative agriculture systems, circular economy, biological revolution, biofuel development, and carbon credit systems. Thailand possesses strengths in abundant natural resources and traditional wisdom, yet faces weaknesses in digital skills and capital access. Five major business opportunity trends were identified: the organic food market, carbon credit market potential, artificial intelligence and machine learning technology development that enhances production efficiency, expansion of export markets in the Asian region, and growth in agricultural service businesses. The study synthesizes two important new knowledge frameworks: the concept of integrated parallel value chains between traditional value chains and ecological value chains, and a three-dimensional transition driving mechanism comprising technology and innovation development mechanisms, market and financial mechanisms, and policy and institutional mechanisms. Key policy recommendations include developing digital infrastructure and accessible credit systems, improving curricula and creating technology advisory systems, fostering research and development collaboration and developing digital platforms, as well as establishing carbon credit systems and integrated natural resource management. The successful transition to Agriculture 6.0 requires collaboration from all sectors - government, private sector, educational institutions, and farmers - focusing on integrating advanced technology with local wisdom, creating balance between production and environmental conservation, and developing sustainable competitive capabilities. This will enable Thailand to capitalize on opportunities in the Agriculture 6.0 era and effectively address various challenges, leading to the elevation of Thailand's agricultural sector as a regional leader in sustainable agriculture and creating long-term food security.
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