ยุทธศาสตร์ One Belt One Road ของจีนในภูมิภาคตะวันออกกลาง
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Abstract
The old Silk Road had linked the Eastern and the Western worlds since the ancient times until its decline and disintegration. China wants to restore the old Silk Road to serve as the new Silk Road of the 21st century; it has therefore proposed the One Belt One Road (OBOR) project. The initiative was taken by President Xi Jinping with a view to connect¬ing China with other 60 countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe through the network of newly developed land and sea route corridors. With this strat¬egy, the Middle Eastern region plays an important role as a link between the three continents through both sea and land routes. China’s proactive policies to search and maintain its interests in the Middle Eastern region are evident in its recent diplomatic role in the conflict in Syria, establish¬ment of the first overseas military base in Djibouti, and dissemination of Chinese policy documents to the Arab countries. Besides, given the economic interests which mainly focus on energy, trade and investment, China also hopes that collaboration with partners in the Middle East will effectively intercept the spread of terrorism from the region into China. It is evident that China is also taking on the role of a new superpower that challenges the existing superpowers in the region. Finally, the Middle East is an important region in which China attempts to shift the global balance of power to multi-polarity and to create the world of harmony.
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เส้นทางสายไหมเคยเป็นเส้นทางเชื่อมต่อโลกตะวันออกและโลกตะวันตกมาตั้งแต่โบราณกาลกระทั่งหมดความสำคัญลงไปตามเงื่อนไขประวัติศาสตร์และกาลเวลา จีนต้องการฟื้นฟูเส้นทางสายไหมนี้ขึ้นอีกครั้งให้เป็นเส้นทางสายไหมในศตวรรษที่ 21 จึงทำให้เกิดโครงการ One Belt One Road (OBOR) ซึ่งริเริ่มโดยประธานาธิบดี สี จิ้นผิง เพื่อเชื่อมต่อจีนเข้ากับ 60 ประเทศในทวีปเอเชีย-แอฟริกา-และยุโรป ผ่านเส้นทางสายไหมทั้งทางบกและทางทะเลดังเช่นในอดีต ด้วยยุทธศาสตร์นี้ภูมิภาคตะวันออกกลางจะมีบทบาทสำคัญในฐานะที่เป็นจุดเชื่อมของสามทวีปทั้งเส้นทางสายไหม ทางบกและทางทะเล ทำให้จีนจำเป็นต้องดำเนินนโยบายเชิงรุกเพื่อแสวงหาและรักษาผลประโยชน์ของตนในภูมิภาคตะวันออกกลางในระยะหลัง ทั้งการแสดงบทบาททางการทูตผ่านความขัดแย้งในซีเรีย สร้างฐานทัพนอกประเทศครั้งแรกที่ประเทศจิบูติ และตีพิมพ์เอกสารนโยบายจีนต่อประเทศอาหรับ นอกเหนือจากผลประโยชน์ทางเศรษฐกิจซึ่งมีพลังงาน การค้าและการลงทุนเป็นเรื่องหลักแล้ว จีนยังหวังว่าการแสวงหาพันธมิตรในภูมิภาคตะวันออกกลางจะสามารถหยุดยั้งการเผยแพร่แนวคิดก่อการร้ายจากภูมิภาคดังกล่าวเข้าสู่ประเทศจีนได้ จะเห็นได้ว่าจีนกำลังเข้ามาแสดงบทบาทของมหาอำนาจใหม่ที่ท้าทายมหาอำนาจเดิม ตะวันออกกลางจึงเป็นพื้นที่สำคัญที่จีนจะสามารถปรับสมดุลการเมืองโลก ซึ่งจีนต้องการโลกที่มีหลายขั้วอำนาจ (multipolar) และโลกที่มีความสมานฉันท์
คำสำคัญ : One belt one road, จีน, ภูมิภาค, ตะวันออกกลาง, แอฟริกาเหนือ, ภูมิรัฐศาสตร์
China’s One Belt One Road Strategy in The Middle East
The old Silk Road had linked the Eastern and the Western worlds since the ancient times until its decline and disintegration. China wants to restore the old Silk Road to serve as the new Silk Road of the 21st century; it has therefore proposed the One Belt One Road (OBOR) project. The initiative was taken by President Xi Jinping with a view to connect¬ing China with other 60 countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe through the network of newly developed land and sea route corridors. With this strat¬egy, the Middle Eastern region plays an important role as a link between the three continents through both sea and land routes. China’s proactive policies to search and maintain its interests in the Middle Eastern region are evident in its recent diplomatic role in the conflict in Syria, establish¬ment of the first overseas military base in Djibouti, and dissemination of Chinese policy documents to the Arab countries. Besides, given the economic interests which mainly focus on energy, trade and investment, China also hopes that collaboration with partners in the Middle East will effectively intercept the spread of terrorism from the region into China. It is evident that China is also taking on the role of a new superpower that challenges the existing superpowers in the region. Finally, the Middle East is an important region in which China attempts to shift the global balance of power to multi-polarity and to create the world of harmony.
Keywords: One belt one road, China, Middle East, North Africa, Geo-politics
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