The Relationship between Job Embeddedness and Career Success: A Case Study of the Gen-Y Teachers in Thailand
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research aims to examine the relationship between organizational and community embeddedness and career success. The study uses the theory of Conservation of Resource to describe the aforementioned relationships. The questionnaire method is employed to collected data from a sample of 323 Generation Y teachers in public and private schools across Thailand. The results indicate a statistically significant positive impact of organizational embeddedness on subjective career (0.674, p < 0.001). The findings also reveal that job embeddedness as a resource can help employees achieve subjective success in their careers. The structure model fit with the data, with χ2 = 717.201, df = 417, cmin/df = 1.720, p < .001, CFI = .940, RMSEA = .047, SRMR = .0649, and PNFI = .731. The implications of the findings in understanding the relationship between job embeddedness and subjective career success are also discussed.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The manuscript submitted for publication must be the original version, submitted only to this particular journal with no prior acceptance for publication elsewhere in other academic journals. The manuscript must also not violate the copyright issue by means of plagiarism.
References
Abele, A. E., Spurk, D., & Volmer, J. (2011). The construct of career Success: Measurement issues and an empirical example. Journal for Labour Market Research, 43(3), 195-206. doi:10.1007/s12651-010-0034-6
Amin, S., Ghani, R. A., & Arshad, R. (2017). The role of work family balance as mediator on the relationship between spousal support and subjective career success. Advanced Science Letters, 23(8), 7246-7249.
Arthur, M. B., Khapova, S. N., & Wilderom, C. P. M. (2005). Career success in a boundaryless career
world. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(2), 177-202. doi:10.1002/job.290
Cennamo, L., & Gardner, D. (2008). Generational differences in work values, outcomes and person-
organisation values fit. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(8), 891-906.
Darrat, M. A., Amyx, D. A., & Bennett, R. J. (2017). Examining the impact of job embeddedness on
salesperson deviance: The moderating role of job satisfaction. Industrial Marketing
Management, 63, 158-166. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.10.012
De Vos, A., De Hauw, S., & Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M. (2011). Competency development and career
success: The mediating role of employability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2), 438-
doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.010
Direnzo, M. S., Greenhaus, J. H., & Weer, C. H. (2015). Relationship between protean career
orientation and work-life balance: A resource perspective. Journal of Organizational
Behavior, 36(4), 538-560. doi:10.1002/job.1996
Dyke, L. S., & Murphy, S. A. (2006). How we define success: A qualitative study of what matters most to women and men. Sex Roles, 55(5-6), 357-371.
Eby, L. T., Butts, M., & Lockwood, A. (2003). Predictors of success in the era of the boundaryless
career. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(6), 689-708. doi:10.1002/job.214
Felps, W., Mitchell, T., Hekman, D., Lee, T., Holtom, B., & Harman, W. (2009). Turnover contagion:
How coworkers' job embeddedness and job search behaviors influence quitting. Academy
of Management Journal, 52(3), 545-561.
Ferreira, N., Coetzee, M., & Masenge, A. (2013). Psychological career resources, career adaptability
and hardiness in relation to job embeddedness and organizational commitment. Journal of
Psychology in Africa, 23(1), 31-40.
Forret, M. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (2004). Networking behaviors and career outcomes: differences for
men and women? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 419-437. doi:10.1002/job.253
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.).
Uppersaddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Halbesleben, J. R. B., Neveu, J. P., Paustian-Underdahl, S. C., & Westman, M. (2014). Getting to the
"COR": Understanding the role of resources in conservation of resources theory. Journal
of Management, 40(5), 1334-1364. doi:10.1177/0149206314527130
Halbesleben, J. R. B., & Wheeler, A. R. (2008). The relative roles of engagement and embeddedness
in predicting job performance and intention to leave. Work and Stress, 22(3), 242-256.
doi:10.1080/02678370802383962
Hall, D. T., & Chandler, D. E. (2005). Psychological success: When the career is a calling. Journal of
Organizational Behavior, 26(2), 155-176. doi:10.1002/job.301
Hall, D. T., Yip, J., & Doiron, K. (2018). Protean careers at work: Self-direction and values orientation in psychological success. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 129-156.
Heslin, P. A. (2005). Conceptualizing and evaluating career success. Journal of Organizational
Behavior, 26(2), 113-136. doi:10.1002/job.270
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress.
American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress
process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337-421.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis:
Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A
Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
Johnson, E. N., Lowe, D. J., & Reckers, P. M. (2008). Alternative work arrangements and perceived
career success: Current evidence from the big four firms in the US. Accounting,
Organizations and Society, 33(1), 48-72.
Kiazad, K., Kraimer, M. L., Seibert, S. E., & Sargent, L. (2020). Understanding organizational
embeddedness and career success: Who and what you know. Journal of Organizational
Behavior. 41(7), 678-693
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2 ed.), New York, NY:
The Guilford Press.
Lee, T. W., Mitchell, T. R., Sablynski, C. J., Burton, J. P., & Holtom, B. C. (2004). The effects of job
embeddedness on organizational citizenship, job performance, volitional absences, and
voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 47(5), 711-722.
Lyons, S. T., Schweitzer, L., & Ng, E. S. W. (2015). How have careers changed? An investigation of
changing career patterns across four generations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(1),
-21. doi:10.1108/JMP-07-2014-0210
Marasi, S., Cox, S. S., & Bennett, R. J. (2016). Job embeddedness: is it always a good thing? Journal
of Managerial Psychology, 31(1), 141-153. doi:10.1108/JMP-05-2013-0150
Murphy, M. W. (2012). Reverse mentoring at work: Fostering cross-generational learning
and developing millennial leaders. Human Resource Management, 51(4), 549-573.
Mayrhofer, W., Briscoe, J. P., Hall, D. T. T., Dickmann, M., Dries, N., Dysvik, A., Kase, R., Parry, E., &
Unite, J. (2016). Career success across the globe: Insights from the 5C project.
Organizational Dynamics, 45(3), 197-205. doi:10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.07.005
Mitchell, T. R., Holtom, B. C., Lee, T. W., Sablynski, C. J., & Erez, M. (2001). Why people stay: Using
job embeddedness to predict voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 44(6),
-1121.
Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2014). Community embeddedness and work outcomes: The
mediating role of organizational embeddedness. Human Relations, 67(1), 71-103.
doi:10.1177/0018726713486946
Noom-Ura, S. (2013). English-teaching problems in Thailand and Thai teachers' professional
development needs. English Language Teaching, 6(11), 139-147.
Pan, J., & Zhou, W. (2015). How do employees construe their career success: An improved measure
of subjective career success. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 23(1), 45-
doi:10.1111/ijsa.12094
Peltokorpi, V., Allen, D. G., & Froese, F. (2015). Organizational embeddedness, turnover intentions,
and voluntary turnover: The moderating effects of employee demographic characteristics
and value orientations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(2), 292-312.
doi:10.1002/job.1981
Portoghese, I., Galletta, M., & Battistelli, A. (2011). The effects of work-family conflict and
community embeddedness on employee satisfaction: The role of leader-member
exchange. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(4), 39-48.
Ramesh, A., & Gelfand, M. J. (2010). Will they stay or will they go? The role of job embeddedness
in predicting turnover in individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 95(5), 807-823. doi:10.1037/a0019464
Robinson, R. N. S., Kralj, A., Solnet, D. J., Goh, E., & Callan, V. (2014). Thinking job embeddedness
not turnover: Towards a better understanding of frontline hotel worker retention.
International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, 101-109.
doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.08.008
Roongrerngsuke, S., & Liefooghe, A. (2013). Attracting gold-collar workers: Comparing organizational
attractiveness and work-related values across generations in China, India and Thailand. Asia
Pacific Business Review, 19(3), 337-355.
Saksri, S., Chunin, M., & Nokchan, C. (2018). Predicting teacher morale on work performance, social
support, and career success. International Journal of Education and Research, 6(11), 229-
Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., & Liden, R. C. (2001). A social capital theory of career success.
Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 219-237. doi:10.2307/3069452
Shockley, K. M., Ureksoy, H., Rodopman, O. B., Poteat, L. F., & Dullaghan, T. R. (2016). Development
of a new scale to measure subjective career success: A mixed-methods study. Journal of
Organizational Behavior, 37(1), 128-153.
Sribayak, V. (2017). Teacher attrition and retention: Revealing the voices of EFL teachers in a Thai context (Doctoral dissertation, Thammasat University).
Stumpf, S. A. (2014). A longitudinal study of career success, embeddedness, and mobility of early
career professionals. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(2), 180-190.
doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2014.06.002
Sturges, J. (1999). What it Means to Succeed: Personal Conceptions of Career Success Held by Male
and Female Managers at Different Ages. British Journal of Management, 10(3 SPEC. ISS.),
-252.
Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., de Lange, A. H., Demerouti, E., & Van der Heijde, C. M. (2009). Age
effects on the employability-career success relationship. Journal of Vocational Behavior,
(2), 156-164. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2008.12.009
Volmer, J., & Spurk, D. (2011). Protean and boundaryless career attitudes: relationships with
subjective and objective career success. Journal for Labour Market Research, 43(3), 207-
doi:10.1007/s12651-010-0037-3
Wayne, S. J., Lemmon, G., Hoobler, J. M., Cheung, G. W., & Wilson, M. S. (2017). The ripple effect: A spillover model of the detrimental impact of work–family conflict on job success. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(6), 876-894.
Wheeler, A. R., Harris, K. J., & Sablynski, C. J. (2012). How do employees invest abundant resources?
The mediating role of work effort in the job-embeddedness/job-performance relationship.
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(SUPPL. 1), E244-E266. doi:10.1111/j.1559-
2012.01023.x