The Drivers of Technology Transfer between Manufacturers and Farmers for the Sustainable Supply Chain of the Innovative Organic Rice Products in Thailand
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Abstract
Rice is a key Thai agricultural product, yet Thai farmers remain among the lowest earners. Increasing rice demand through innovative products may improve their income. This study explores key technology transfer drivers that support sustainable organic rice product SCs between organic rice farmers and manufacturers in Thailand. Using a qualitative ethnographic approach, five innovative organic rice manufacturers were studied over eight months. These enterprises produced rice-based health foods, snacks, medical and general cosmetics. The research confirmed the importance of two main technology adoption drivers: institutional roles and technology characteristics. Manufacturers, community enterprises, and farmers played dynamic roles, with community enterprises facilitating technology transfer. Key technology drivers included: specificity, advancement level, transfer necessity, raw material requirements for product identity and value, and company commitment to supporting farmers. Notably, the quality of raw materials influenced both product identity and value. Finally, companies’ policies and commitment significantly impacted technology transfer effectiveness, farmer participation, and the profitability and sustainability of the SC.
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