Political Economic of Massage Parlor in Bangkok From 1969-2023

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the political economy of massage parlor businesses in Bangkok from 1969 to 2023 (B.E. 2512–2566). It focuses on examining the historical development of the industry, relevant state laws and policies, as well as analyzing the power relations among the state, business owners, and service providers in the management of the industry throughout this period. The research employs a qualitative research methodology, combined with documentary research, including an examination of laws, taxation data, news reports, and related academic works. In-depth interviews were conducted with three key groups of informants: representatives of relevant government agencies, business operators, and service providers. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of the interconnections between economic and political dimensions. The analytical framework is grounded in Political Economy Theory, Institutionalism, and Business Politics, which together explain the complex interactions among the state, capital groups, and society.

The study proposes that massage parlor businesses represent a “political space” in which law, economy, and labor issues—particularly those concerning female workers—are closely intertwined. The state does not employ law merely as a means of regulation, but as a mechanism for managing relationships within the “grey economy.” Thus, this business is not only an economic phenomenon but also a reflection of the deeper political and power structures of the Thai state. The findings contribute to new political science knowledge by demonstrating that the massage parlor business functions as a structural mechanism of the state and a political arena that embodies the asymmetric power relations among the state, capital, and labor within the grey economy. These dynamics are often accompanied by overlapping laws that lead to inconsistent enforcement, as well as a neglect of labor rights and welfare protections.

Keywords: Massage Parlor Businesses, State Policy, Political Economy, Gray Economy