Stakeholder Management for Tourism Businesses The Case of Thailand
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Abstract
One key to sustainable development for tourism is the inclusion of stakeholders. Stakeholder management in tourism helps businesses to achieve success. This paper presents a review and discussion of the concept of managing tourism stakeholders in Thailand with the aim of identifying current and emerging trends in this area. A major finding of this study was that tourism stakeholders in the Thai context could be separated into five groups: public sector, private sector, non-government organizations, residents, and tourists. Furthermore, this study discusses various strategies for managing stakeholder assessment and summarizes guidelines for Thai tourism businesses that can provide important implications for strategic stakeholder management, and can aid in designing and implementing strategies for managing tourism stakeholders in Thailand.
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Academic Articles
Copyright: Asia-Pacific International University reserve exclusive rights to publish, reproduce and distribute the manuscript and all contents therein.
References
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Chaisawat, M. (2006). Policy and planning of tourism product development in Thailand: A proposed model. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 11( 1 ) , 1 - 1 6 . Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1080/ 10941660500500576
Cheng, S., Hu, J., Fox, D., & Zhang, Y. (2012). Tea tourism development in Xinyang, China: Stakeholders' view. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2-3, 28-34. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1016/j.tmp. 2011.12.001
Chheang, V. (2009). State and tourism planning: A case study of Cambodia. Tourismos, 4(1), 63-82.
Clarkson, M. E. (1995). A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 92-117.
Dabphet, S., Scott, N., & Ruhanen, L. (2012). Applying diffusion theory to destination stakeholder understanding of sustainable tourism development: A case from Thailand. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(8), 1107-1124.
Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65-91. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.5465/AMR.1995.9503271992
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman.
Hall, C. M. (1999). Rethinking collaboration and partnership: A public policy perspective. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 7(3-4), 274-289.
Henriques, I., & Sadorsky, P. (1999). The relationship between environmental commitment and managerial perceptions of stakeholder importance. Academy of Management Journal, 42(1), 87-99.
Huttasin, N. (2008). Perceived social impacts of tourism by residents in the OTOP Tourism Village, Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 13(2), 175-191. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1080/10941660802048498
Jamal, T. B., & Getz, D. (1995). Collaboration theory and community tourism planning. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(1), 186-204.
Jamal, T., & Stronza, A. (2009). Collaboration theory and tourism practice in protected areas: Stakeholders, structuring and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(2), 169-189.
Kontogeorgopoulos, N., Churyen, A., & Duangsaeng, V. (2014). Success factors in community-based tourism in Thailand: The role of luck, external support, and local leadership. Tourism Planning and Development, 11(1), 106-124. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1080/21568316. 2013.852991
Kuvan, Y., & Akan, P. (2012). Conflict and agreement in stakeholder attitudes: residents’ and hotel managers’ views of tourism impacts and forest-related tourism development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20( 4 ) , 571- 5 8 4 . Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1080/09669582.2011.617824
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Landorf, C. (2009). Managing for sustainable tourism: A review of six cultural World Heritage Sites. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(1), 53-70.
Mandell, M. P. (1999). The impact of collaborative efforts. Review of Policy Research, 16(1), 4-17.
Martinez, P., Perez, A., & Bosque, I. R. d. (2014). Exploring the role of CSR in the organizational identity of hospitality companies: A case from the Spanish tourism industry. Journal of Business Ethics, 124, 47-66.
Munro, A., King, B., & Polonsky, M. J. (2006). Stakeholder involvement in the public planning process: The case of the proposed Twelve Apostles Visitor Centre. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 13(1), 97-107.
Okumus, F., Altinay, L., & Chathoth, P. (2010). Strategic management for hospitality and tourism. UK: Elsevier.
Pongponrat, K. (2011). Participatory management process in local tourism development: A case study on Ffisherman Vvillage on Samui Island, Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 16(1), 57-73. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1080/10941665.2011.539391
Pongponrat, K., & Chantradoan, N. J. (2012). Mechanism of social capital in community tourism participatory planning in Samui Island, Thailand. Tourismos, 7(1), 339-349.
Sautter, E. T., & Leisen, B. (1999). Managing stakeholder: A tourism planning model. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 312-328.
Savage, G. T., Nix, T. W., Whitehead, C. J., & Blair, J. D. (1991). Strategies for assessing and managing organizational stakeholders assessment. Academy of Management Executive (19389779), 5(2), 61-75. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.5465/AME.1991.4274682
Saminpanya, S., Wisarttavisti, P., Chumnankid, C. (2009). Development of management guidelines from tourist and stakeholder consultations: The case of Dongphayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex, Thailand. Managing Leisure, 14(3), 210-233. Retrieved from http://doi:10.1080/ 13606710902945042
Sheehan, L. R., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2005). Destination stakeholders: Exploring identity and salience. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(3), 711-734.
Sirgy, M. J. (2002). Measuring corporate performance by building on the stakeholders model of business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 35(3), 143-162.
Tkaczynski, A., Rundle-Thiele, S. R., & Beaumont, N. (2009). Segmentation: A tourism stakeholder view. Tourism Management, 30(2), 169-175. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1016/j.tourman. 2008.05.010
Waayers, D., Lee, D., & Newsome, D. (2012). Exploring the nature of stakeholder collaboration: A case study of marine turtle tourism in the Ningaloo region, Western Australia. Current Issues in Tourism, 15(7), 673-692. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1080/13683500.2011.631697
Waligo, V. M., Clarke, J., & Hawkins, R. (2013). Implementing sustainable tourism: A multi-stakeholder involvement management framework. Tourism Management, 36, 342-353. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.10.008
Wattanacharoensila, W and Schuckert, M. (2014). Reviewing Thailand’s master plans and policies: implications for creative tourism? Current Issues in Tourism, 1-16.
Yilmaz, B. S., & Gunel, O. D. (2009). The importance of strategic stakeholder management in tourism sector: research on probable applications. Tourismos, 4(1), 97-108.
Yodsuwan, C., & Butcher, K. (2012). Determinants of tourism collaboration member satisfaction in Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 17(1), 63-80. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1080/10941665.2011.613206
Yuksel, F., Bramwell, B., & Yuksel, A. (1999). Stakeholder interviews and tourism planning at Pamukkale, Turkey. Tourism Management, 20, 351-360.
Andersson, T. D., & Getz, D. (2008). Stakeholder management strategies of festivals. Journal of Convention and Event Tourism, 9(3), 199-220. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1080/ 15470140802323801
Bornhorst, T., Ritchie, J. R. B., & Shee, L. (2010). Determinants of tourism success for DMOs & destinations: An empirical examination of stakeholders’ perspectives. Tourism Management, 31, 572-589.
Bramwell, B., & Sharman, A. (1999). Collaboration in local tourism policymaking. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 392-415.
Brown, D., Spillman, K., Lee, M.-Y., & Lu, Y. (2014). Factors influencing small tourism business performance: The case of Central Kentucky, United States. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 23(7), 768-789. Retrieved from http://doi:10.1080/19368623.2014.883293
Byrd, E. T., Bosley, H. E., & Dronberger, M. G. (2009). Comparisons of stakeholder perceptions of tourism impacts in rural eastern North Carolina. Tourism Management, 30(5), 693-703. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2008.10.021
Chaisawat, M. (2006). Policy and planning of tourism product development in Thailand: A proposed model. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 11( 1 ) , 1 - 1 6 . Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1080/ 10941660500500576
Cheng, S., Hu, J., Fox, D., & Zhang, Y. (2012). Tea tourism development in Xinyang, China: Stakeholders' view. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2-3, 28-34. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1016/j.tmp. 2011.12.001
Chheang, V. (2009). State and tourism planning: A case study of Cambodia. Tourismos, 4(1), 63-82.
Clarkson, M. E. (1995). A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 92-117.
Dabphet, S., Scott, N., & Ruhanen, L. (2012). Applying diffusion theory to destination stakeholder understanding of sustainable tourism development: A case from Thailand. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(8), 1107-1124.
Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65-91. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.5465/AMR.1995.9503271992
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman.
Hall, C. M. (1999). Rethinking collaboration and partnership: A public policy perspective. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 7(3-4), 274-289.
Henriques, I., & Sadorsky, P. (1999). The relationship between environmental commitment and managerial perceptions of stakeholder importance. Academy of Management Journal, 42(1), 87-99.
Huttasin, N. (2008). Perceived social impacts of tourism by residents in the OTOP Tourism Village, Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 13(2), 175-191. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1080/10941660802048498
Jamal, T. B., & Getz, D. (1995). Collaboration theory and community tourism planning. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(1), 186-204.
Jamal, T., & Stronza, A. (2009). Collaboration theory and tourism practice in protected areas: Stakeholders, structuring and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(2), 169-189.
Kontogeorgopoulos, N., Churyen, A., & Duangsaeng, V. (2014). Success factors in community-based tourism in Thailand: The role of luck, external support, and local leadership. Tourism Planning and Development, 11(1), 106-124. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1080/21568316. 2013.852991
Kuvan, Y., & Akan, P. (2012). Conflict and agreement in stakeholder attitudes: residents’ and hotel managers’ views of tourism impacts and forest-related tourism development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20( 4 ) , 571- 5 8 4 . Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1080/09669582.2011.617824
Laing, J. H., Lee, D., Moore, S. A., Wegner, A., & Weiler, B. (2009). Advancing conceptual understanding of partnerships between protected area agencies and the tourism industry: a postdisciplinary and multi-theoretical approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(2), 207-229.
Landorf, C. (2009). Managing for sustainable tourism: A review of six cultural World Heritage Sites. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(1), 53-70.
Mandell, M. P. (1999). The impact of collaborative efforts. Review of Policy Research, 16(1), 4-17.
Martinez, P., Perez, A., & Bosque, I. R. d. (2014). Exploring the role of CSR in the organizational identity of hospitality companies: A case from the Spanish tourism industry. Journal of Business Ethics, 124, 47-66.
Munro, A., King, B., & Polonsky, M. J. (2006). Stakeholder involvement in the public planning process: The case of the proposed Twelve Apostles Visitor Centre. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 13(1), 97-107.
Okumus, F., Altinay, L., & Chathoth, P. (2010). Strategic management for hospitality and tourism. UK: Elsevier.
Pongponrat, K. (2011). Participatory management process in local tourism development: A case study on Ffisherman Vvillage on Samui Island, Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 16(1), 57-73. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1080/10941665.2011.539391
Pongponrat, K., & Chantradoan, N. J. (2012). Mechanism of social capital in community tourism participatory planning in Samui Island, Thailand. Tourismos, 7(1), 339-349.
Sautter, E. T., & Leisen, B. (1999). Managing stakeholder: A tourism planning model. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 312-328.
Savage, G. T., Nix, T. W., Whitehead, C. J., & Blair, J. D. (1991). Strategies for assessing and managing organizational stakeholders assessment. Academy of Management Executive (19389779), 5(2), 61-75. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.5465/AME.1991.4274682
Saminpanya, S., Wisarttavisti, P., Chumnankid, C. (2009). Development of management guidelines from tourist and stakeholder consultations: The case of Dongphayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex, Thailand. Managing Leisure, 14(3), 210-233. Retrieved from http://doi:10.1080/ 13606710902945042
Sheehan, L. R., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2005). Destination stakeholders: Exploring identity and salience. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(3), 711-734.
Sirgy, M. J. (2002). Measuring corporate performance by building on the stakeholders model of business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 35(3), 143-162.
Tkaczynski, A., Rundle-Thiele, S. R., & Beaumont, N. (2009). Segmentation: A tourism stakeholder view. Tourism Management, 30(2), 169-175. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1016/j.tourman. 2008.05.010
Waayers, D., Lee, D., & Newsome, D. (2012). Exploring the nature of stakeholder collaboration: A case study of marine turtle tourism in the Ningaloo region, Western Australia. Current Issues in Tourism, 15(7), 673-692. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1080/13683500.2011.631697
Waligo, V. M., Clarke, J., & Hawkins, R. (2013). Implementing sustainable tourism: A multi-stakeholder involvement management framework. Tourism Management, 36, 342-353. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.10.008
Wattanacharoensila, W and Schuckert, M. (2014). Reviewing Thailand’s master plans and policies: implications for creative tourism? Current Issues in Tourism, 1-16.
Yilmaz, B. S., & Gunel, O. D. (2009). The importance of strategic stakeholder management in tourism sector: research on probable applications. Tourismos, 4(1), 97-108.
Yodsuwan, C., & Butcher, K. (2012). Determinants of tourism collaboration member satisfaction in Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 17(1), 63-80. Retrieved from http:// doi:10.1080/10941665.2011.613206
Yuksel, F., Bramwell, B., & Yuksel, A. (1999). Stakeholder interviews and tourism planning at Pamukkale, Turkey. Tourism Management, 20, 351-360.