Information For Authors

Interested in submitting to this journal? We recommend that you review the About the Journal page to familiarize yourself with the journal's objectives, positioning, and topic areas that are potentially suitable for publication.

Please note the Author Guidelines below in regard to article structure and format.

Authors need to register on the ThaiJo platform with the journal prior to submitting a manuscript or, if already registered, can simply log in and begin the five-step submission process. Submission Preparation Checklist.

Human Behavior, Development and Society (HBDS) Author Guidelines

Here are some general guidelines for preparing and submitting articles to HBDS.

Submission and Review Processes

Manuscripts submitted to the journal should not have been previously published elsewhere and should not be under review for publication in other journals. They will be checked for originality and prescreened by the editorial staff to see if their structure, content, and formatting comply with journal standards. If they pass prescreening, manuscripts then undergo double-blind review process conducted by at least 2 qualified independent peer reviewers who are external to an author’s institution, and knowledgeable in a relevant academic field. This process usually takes from 4–6 weeks, depending on peer reviewer response time.

Responsibility for opinions expressed and the accuracy of facts published in articles published in HBDS rests solely with the individual authors. Views and opinions expressed in these articles are the sole responsibility of authors, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the journal’s editorial staff, or of Asia-Pacific International University.

Human Behavior, Development and Society (HBDS) Publishing Guidelines
- Manuscripts should be no less than 8 and no more than 12 pages in length.
- Manuscripts should be written in correct and standard academic English.
- Manuscripts should be single-spaced.
- Manuscripts should use Calibri font size 11.
- Manuscripts should contain minimal formatting (bold and italics commands are acceptable).
- Manuscripts should not contain editorial controls of any kind.
- Manuscripts should also contain a 150-200 word abstract of the article. Please provide at least three keywords, but do not exceed seven.
Suggested Referencing Format
- In order to maintain a consistent look for Human Behavior, Development and Society, American Psychological Association (APA) publication guidelines have been slightly modified and adapted to provide a harmonious format and style for the journal.
- HBDS follows the APA 7^th edition guidelines for in-text citations, references, and endnotes.
- Referencing Samples: Please refer to http://www.apastyle.org/ for questions about referencing and serialization in the APA format.
Submissions Procedure
- Manuscripts submitted to HBDS must not have been previously published elsewhere nor be under review for publication in other journals.
- Manuscripts must adhere to the journal’s Publishing Guidelines; failure to comply with these guidelines may result in the rejection of a submission.
- Manuscripts must be submitted through the ThaiJo online journal submission system at https://tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds
- Manuscripts should be submitted by no later than December 31 for the April issue, April 30 for the August issue, and August 31 for the December issue. Nonetheless, even if a submission is received before the stated dates and is accepted, the HBDS Administrative Board reserves the right to decide on the date of publication.

Review Process
- Manuscripts will be checked for originality and prescreened by the editorial staff to see if their structure, content, and formatting complies with journal standards.
- Manuscripts will undergo a double-blind review process conducted by at least 2 qualified independent peer reviewers who are external to authors’ institutions, and knowledgeable in a relevant academic field. This process takes from 4–6 weeks, depending on peer reviewer response times.
- Authors will be informed of reviewers’ comments as soon as they are available.
- Authors will be given about 1 month to revise their papers (should that be necessary) and should return the revised version by the 1^st of March/July/November or earlier.
Numbers in APA Style
- In general round decimals to two places with the exception of p-values (three decimal places is the limit—p < .01 or .001). Percentages are expressed as whole numbers or to one decimal place.
- Rounding rules: If the final number is 5 or more, add one to the last decimal place to be kept (1.565 becomes 1.57). If the number is less than 5, write the number with the required decimal places (2.344 becomes 2.34).
- When a statistical expression cannot exceed the value of 1, then the number reported is NOT preceded by a zero (e.g., with p-values—p < .01, also applies to correlations, and Cronbach’s alpha).
- Large numbers—use commas between groups of three digits in most figures of 1,000 or more.
- Further information can be gained by consulting. James Cook University, Singapore. (n.d.). Numbers in APA. https://www.jcu.edu.sg/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/680085/Numbers-in-APA.pdf; Guadagno, R. (2010). Writing up your results – Guidelines based on APA style. http://ich.vscht.cz/~svozil/lectures/vscht/2015_2016/sad/APA_style2.pdf

Recommended Verb Tenses in APA Style Papers (p. 118)

Paper Section	Recommended Tense	Example
Literature Review (or whenever discussing other researchers’ work)	Past	Quinn (2020) presented
	Present perfect	Since then, many investigators have used
Method Description of Procedure	Past	Participants completed a survey
Method Description of Procedure	Present perfect	Others have used similar methods
Reporting of Results	Past	Results were nonsignificant Scores increased Hypotheses were supported
Discuss Implications of Results	Present	The results indicate
Presentation of Conclusions, Limitations, Future Directions, etc.	Present	We conclude Limitations of the study are

Original Research Article Structure

Article Structure

Title

Name of Author(s)

Abstract

A brief overview of the article in 150-200 words that includes the following elements:
- Research objectives
- Research methodology
- Research findings/results
- Research contribution or implications
Avoid including references or nonstandard/uncommon abbreviations

Keywords

Provide up to seven relevant keywords

Introduction & Literature Review

State the purpose of study
Analyze and synthesize current and relevant literature

Methodology

Provide sufficient information to allow clear understanding and/or reproduction of the work
Describe clearly research instruments used, strategies for data collection, context and participant(s)

Findings/Results

Present findings/results in a clear, concise, and understandable manner

Discussion

Explore the significance of the results of the study (do not repeat the results)
Synthesize the discussion of the findings /results with the literature review

Limitations and Implications

Explore ways in which this study could be improved in the future
Elaborate how the findings/results of this study contribute to current knowledge

Conclusion

Restate the purpose of the study in light of the literature review
Highlight major findings/results and discussion

References

Format references according to APA (7^th)
Ensure all in-text citations are present in the reference list

Others

Appendices

Include an appendix when necessary. If more than one, label them accordingly (Appendix A, B, etc.)

Acknowledgement

List individuals or agencies who provided help during the research, when necessary

Professional Article Structure