Contributing Factors to Students’ English Speaking Performance at Universitas Klabat
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to know what factors contributed to the English speaking performance of students at Universitas Klabat, Manado, Indonesia, during the 2015/2016 year of study. Thirty-six variables were adapted from three different questionnaires and converted into a new questionnaire. This study used exploratory analysis with principal factor extraction; four attributes were extracted, with 26 remaining variables. The participants in this study were 108 students majoring in English, specifically those who were taking a Speaking and Listening class. The four attributes that contributed to students’ English speaking performance were environment, peers, teacher, and related technology. The environmental was the factor that contributed the most to their speaking performance, while the least variance was explained by the technology used. Gender did not have a significant influence on English speaking performance. A one-way Anova test showed that only one factor was significantly related to English speaking performance (F (3,104) = 2.948, p = 0.036). The four attributes explained 60.76 percent of the total variance in students’ English performance.
Article Details
Section
Research Articles
Copyright: Asia-Pacific International University reserve exclusive rights to publish, reproduce and distribute the manuscript and all contents therein.
References
Aikens, N., Nikki, L., & Barbarin, O. (2008). Socioeconomic differences in reading trajectories: The contribution of family, neighborhood, and school contexts. Journal of Education Psychology, 100 (2), 235-251. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ796347
Akers, R., and Silverman, A. (2004). Toward a Social Learning Model of Violence and Terrorism. In M. Zahn, H. Brownstein and Shelly Jackson (Eds.), Violence: From Theory to Research (pp. 19−35). Cincinnati: LexisNexis and Andersen Publishing.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A. (1978). The self-system in reciprocal determinism. American Psychologist, 33(4), 344358.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Chapelle, C. (2001). Computer applications in second language acquisition: foundations for teaching, testing, and research. Cambridge: MA: Cambridge University Press.
Crystal, D. (2004). Language and the Internet. The press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. Retrieved from http://medicine.kaums.ac.ir/uploadedfiles/files/language_and_%20the_ internet.pdf
Fetsco, T., & McClure, J. (2005). Educational psychology: An integrated approach to classroom decisions. Boston, USA: Pearson Education Inc.
Grant, P., & Basye, D. (2014). Personalized learning: A guide for engaging students with technology. International Society for Technology in Education. Eugene, Oregon; pp. 1-5. Retrieved from www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/education/k12-personalizedlearning-guidebook.pdf
Howes, C., & Tonyan, H. (2000). Peer relations. In L. Balter and C. S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), Child psychology: a handbook of contemporary issues (6, 143-157). Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
Ismail, S., Almekhlafi, A., & Al-Mekhlafy, M. (2010). Teachers’ perceptions of the use of technology in teaching languages in United Arab Emirates’ schools. International Journal for Research in Education, 27(1), 37-56. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdurrahman_Almekhlafi/publication/ 267998443_Teachers'_perceptions_of_the_use_of_technology_in_teaching_languages_in_Un ited_Arab_Emirates'_schools/links/5714fdee08ae071a51cffcf6.pdf
Jan, N., Wen, L., Oi-Man, K., & Linda, K. (2009). Teacher-student support, effortful engagement, and achievement: A 3-year longitudinal study. Journal Educational Study, 100 (1), 1-14.
Jordan, A., & Porath, M. (2006). Educational psychology: A problem-based approached. USA: Pearson Education. Inc.
Kelso, K. (2010). Educational technologies for English language learners: English as a second language. A strategy paper from Center for Digital Education. Retrieved from http://marketing.dell.com/Global/ FileLib/Connected_Classroom/CDE10_STRATEGY_ESL.pdf
Kountur, R., & Hieu, T. (2013). Contributing factors of interest in buying at convenience store. International Journal of Business Management and Research, 3(5), 31-36.
Kovacs, A. (2011). The role of social environment in the formation of adult English language learners’ attitudes to learning English. WoPaLP, 5(10), 100-117. Retrieved from http://langped.elte.hu/WoPaLParticles/ W5Kovacs.pdf
Kumar, S., & Tammelin, M. (2008). Integrating ICT into language and teaching: Guide for institutions. Alternberg: Johannes Kepler University Linz.
Lam, Y. & Lawrence, G. (2002). Teacher-student role redefinition during a computer-based second language project: Are computers catalysts for empowering change? Computer Assisted Language Learning, 15(3), 295-315.
Liauw, A. K. (2013). Language anxiety in speaking among students in Khim’s English course. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 1(6), 1-15. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/doc/ 217800448/4.
Mahripah, S. (2014). Exploring factors affecting EFL learners’ speaking performance: form theories into practice. Proceeding of the 3rd UAD International Conference, TEFL International Conference. Yogyakarta. Organized by English Education Department, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, pp. 1-4.
Meece, J. L. (1997). Child and adolescent development for educators. New York McGraw- Hill, Inc.
Murcia, M. (2001). Teaching English as a second or foreign language (3rd edition). Los Angeles. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual: A step-by-step guide to data analysis using (3th ed.) New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill. Retrieved from https://myadm2014.files.wordpress.com/ 2017/02/spss-survival-manual-a-step-by-step-guide-to-data-analysis-using-spss-for-windows3rd-edition-aug-2007-2.pdf
Quist, D. (2000). Primary teaching methods. London, United Kingdom: Macmillan.
Santos, M., Darling-Hammond, L., & Cheuk, T. (2012). Teacher development to support English language learners in the context of common core state standards. In Understanding Language Conference, Stanford University, California. Retrieved from https://achieve.lausd.net/cms/lib08/CA01000043/ Centricity/Domain/ 173/TeacherPDforELLsCCSS_Santos_Darling-Hammond_Cheuk.pdf
Santrock, J. (2006). Educational psychology, Classroom update: preparing for praxis and practice. (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Inc.
Sawir, E. (2005). Language difficulties of international students in Australia: The effects of prior learning experience. International Education Journal, 6(5), 567-580. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/ fulltext/EJ855010.pdf
Scott, E. (2007). Social support: The hows and whys of cultivating a circle of friends. Retrieved from http://www.iron-mountaincounseling.com/resources/Social%20Support%20The%20Hows%20 and%20Whys%20of%20Cultivating%20a%20Supportive%20Circle.pdf
Souriyavongsa, T, Rany, S., Abidin, M., & Mei, L. (2013) Factors causes students low English learning: a case study in National University of Laos. International Journal of English Language Education, 1(1), 179-192. Retrieved from http://www.macrothink.org/journal/ index.php/ijele/article/view/3100/0
Sternberg, R., & Williams, W. (2002). Educational psychology. Boston, USA: Allyn and Bacon.
Stroupe, R., & Kimura, K. (2015). ASEAN integration and the role of English language teaching. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nur_Hayati12/publication/285912879_Teacher_Profes sional_ Education_in_Indonesia_and_ASEAN_2015_Lessons_Learned_From_English_Language_Teach er_Education_Programs/links/56643f1508ae418a786d44fb/Teacher-Professional-Educationin-Indonesia-and-ASEAN-2015-Lessons-Learned-From-English-Language-Teacher-EducationPrograms.pdf
Subbhuraam, C., & Ananthasayanam (2010). Study of socio-economic status and family environmental factors and their effect on language skills of engineering college students. Language Society and Culture, 31, 106-112. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/relsec/Downloads/31-13.pdf
Tanveer, M. (2007). Investigation of the factors that cause language anxiety for ESL/EFL learners in learning speaking skills and the influence it casts on communication in target language. MEd thesis, University of Glasgow. Glasgow, United Kingdom. Retrieved from https://www.asianefl-journal.com/2304/ thesis/2008/ 07/investigation-of-the-factors-that-cause-languageanxiety-for-eslefl-learners-in-learning-speaking-skills-and-the-influence-it-casts-oncommunication-in-the-target-language/ #squelch-taas-tab-content-0-1
Tuan, N., & Mai, T. (2015). Factors affecting students’ speaking performance at Le Thanh Hien High School. Asian Journal of Education Research, 3(2), 8-23. Retrieved from http://www.multidisciplinaryjournals. com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/FACTORSAFFECTING-STUDENTS%E2%80%99-SPEAKING.pdf
Ubaidullah, N., Mahadi, N, & Ching, L. (2013). Exploring the educational benefits of blogs to help non-Malay pupils in Malay language learning. World of Computer Science and Information Technology Journal, 3(1), 20-25.
Wabha, E. (1998). Teaching pronunciation-Why? Language Teaching Forum, 36(3), 32. Retrieved from http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/usia/E-USIA/forum/vols/vol36/no3/p32.htm
Wentzel, K. (1994). Relations of social goal pursuit to social acceptance, classroom behavior, and perceived social support. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86(2), 173-182. Retrieved from http://webcache. googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:yJOeU0qpRm0J:doi.apa.org/journals/edu/86/2/173. pdf+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=
Wernet, S., Olliges, R., & Delicath, T. (2000). Post course evaluation of WebCT (Web Course Tools) classes by social work students. Research on Social Work Practice, 10(4), 487-504.
Zirpoli, T. (2005). Behavior management: Application for teachers. (4th edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Inc.
Akers, R., and Silverman, A. (2004). Toward a Social Learning Model of Violence and Terrorism. In M. Zahn, H. Brownstein and Shelly Jackson (Eds.), Violence: From Theory to Research (pp. 19−35). Cincinnati: LexisNexis and Andersen Publishing.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A. (1978). The self-system in reciprocal determinism. American Psychologist, 33(4), 344358.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Chapelle, C. (2001). Computer applications in second language acquisition: foundations for teaching, testing, and research. Cambridge: MA: Cambridge University Press.
Crystal, D. (2004). Language and the Internet. The press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. Retrieved from http://medicine.kaums.ac.ir/uploadedfiles/files/language_and_%20the_ internet.pdf
Fetsco, T., & McClure, J. (2005). Educational psychology: An integrated approach to classroom decisions. Boston, USA: Pearson Education Inc.
Grant, P., & Basye, D. (2014). Personalized learning: A guide for engaging students with technology. International Society for Technology in Education. Eugene, Oregon; pp. 1-5. Retrieved from www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/education/k12-personalizedlearning-guidebook.pdf
Howes, C., & Tonyan, H. (2000). Peer relations. In L. Balter and C. S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), Child psychology: a handbook of contemporary issues (6, 143-157). Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
Ismail, S., Almekhlafi, A., & Al-Mekhlafy, M. (2010). Teachers’ perceptions of the use of technology in teaching languages in United Arab Emirates’ schools. International Journal for Research in Education, 27(1), 37-56. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdurrahman_Almekhlafi/publication/ 267998443_Teachers'_perceptions_of_the_use_of_technology_in_teaching_languages_in_Un ited_Arab_Emirates'_schools/links/5714fdee08ae071a51cffcf6.pdf
Jan, N., Wen, L., Oi-Man, K., & Linda, K. (2009). Teacher-student support, effortful engagement, and achievement: A 3-year longitudinal study. Journal Educational Study, 100 (1), 1-14.
Jordan, A., & Porath, M. (2006). Educational psychology: A problem-based approached. USA: Pearson Education. Inc.
Kelso, K. (2010). Educational technologies for English language learners: English as a second language. A strategy paper from Center for Digital Education. Retrieved from http://marketing.dell.com/Global/ FileLib/Connected_Classroom/CDE10_STRATEGY_ESL.pdf
Kountur, R., & Hieu, T. (2013). Contributing factors of interest in buying at convenience store. International Journal of Business Management and Research, 3(5), 31-36.
Kovacs, A. (2011). The role of social environment in the formation of adult English language learners’ attitudes to learning English. WoPaLP, 5(10), 100-117. Retrieved from http://langped.elte.hu/WoPaLParticles/ W5Kovacs.pdf
Kumar, S., & Tammelin, M. (2008). Integrating ICT into language and teaching: Guide for institutions. Alternberg: Johannes Kepler University Linz.
Lam, Y. & Lawrence, G. (2002). Teacher-student role redefinition during a computer-based second language project: Are computers catalysts for empowering change? Computer Assisted Language Learning, 15(3), 295-315.
Liauw, A. K. (2013). Language anxiety in speaking among students in Khim’s English course. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 1(6), 1-15. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/doc/ 217800448/4.
Mahripah, S. (2014). Exploring factors affecting EFL learners’ speaking performance: form theories into practice. Proceeding of the 3rd UAD International Conference, TEFL International Conference. Yogyakarta. Organized by English Education Department, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, pp. 1-4.
Meece, J. L. (1997). Child and adolescent development for educators. New York McGraw- Hill, Inc.
Murcia, M. (2001). Teaching English as a second or foreign language (3rd edition). Los Angeles. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual: A step-by-step guide to data analysis using (3th ed.) New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill. Retrieved from https://myadm2014.files.wordpress.com/ 2017/02/spss-survival-manual-a-step-by-step-guide-to-data-analysis-using-spss-for-windows3rd-edition-aug-2007-2.pdf
Quist, D. (2000). Primary teaching methods. London, United Kingdom: Macmillan.
Santos, M., Darling-Hammond, L., & Cheuk, T. (2012). Teacher development to support English language learners in the context of common core state standards. In Understanding Language Conference, Stanford University, California. Retrieved from https://achieve.lausd.net/cms/lib08/CA01000043/ Centricity/Domain/ 173/TeacherPDforELLsCCSS_Santos_Darling-Hammond_Cheuk.pdf
Santrock, J. (2006). Educational psychology, Classroom update: preparing for praxis and practice. (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Inc.
Sawir, E. (2005). Language difficulties of international students in Australia: The effects of prior learning experience. International Education Journal, 6(5), 567-580. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/ fulltext/EJ855010.pdf
Scott, E. (2007). Social support: The hows and whys of cultivating a circle of friends. Retrieved from http://www.iron-mountaincounseling.com/resources/Social%20Support%20The%20Hows%20 and%20Whys%20of%20Cultivating%20a%20Supportive%20Circle.pdf
Souriyavongsa, T, Rany, S., Abidin, M., & Mei, L. (2013) Factors causes students low English learning: a case study in National University of Laos. International Journal of English Language Education, 1(1), 179-192. Retrieved from http://www.macrothink.org/journal/ index.php/ijele/article/view/3100/0
Sternberg, R., & Williams, W. (2002). Educational psychology. Boston, USA: Allyn and Bacon.
Stroupe, R., & Kimura, K. (2015). ASEAN integration and the role of English language teaching. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nur_Hayati12/publication/285912879_Teacher_Profes sional_ Education_in_Indonesia_and_ASEAN_2015_Lessons_Learned_From_English_Language_Teach er_Education_Programs/links/56643f1508ae418a786d44fb/Teacher-Professional-Educationin-Indonesia-and-ASEAN-2015-Lessons-Learned-From-English-Language-Teacher-EducationPrograms.pdf
Subbhuraam, C., & Ananthasayanam (2010). Study of socio-economic status and family environmental factors and their effect on language skills of engineering college students. Language Society and Culture, 31, 106-112. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/relsec/Downloads/31-13.pdf
Tanveer, M. (2007). Investigation of the factors that cause language anxiety for ESL/EFL learners in learning speaking skills and the influence it casts on communication in target language. MEd thesis, University of Glasgow. Glasgow, United Kingdom. Retrieved from https://www.asianefl-journal.com/2304/ thesis/2008/ 07/investigation-of-the-factors-that-cause-languageanxiety-for-eslefl-learners-in-learning-speaking-skills-and-the-influence-it-casts-oncommunication-in-the-target-language/ #squelch-taas-tab-content-0-1
Tuan, N., & Mai, T. (2015). Factors affecting students’ speaking performance at Le Thanh Hien High School. Asian Journal of Education Research, 3(2), 8-23. Retrieved from http://www.multidisciplinaryjournals. com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/FACTORSAFFECTING-STUDENTS%E2%80%99-SPEAKING.pdf
Ubaidullah, N., Mahadi, N, & Ching, L. (2013). Exploring the educational benefits of blogs to help non-Malay pupils in Malay language learning. World of Computer Science and Information Technology Journal, 3(1), 20-25.
Wabha, E. (1998). Teaching pronunciation-Why? Language Teaching Forum, 36(3), 32. Retrieved from http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/usia/E-USIA/forum/vols/vol36/no3/p32.htm
Wentzel, K. (1994). Relations of social goal pursuit to social acceptance, classroom behavior, and perceived social support. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86(2), 173-182. Retrieved from http://webcache. googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:yJOeU0qpRm0J:doi.apa.org/journals/edu/86/2/173. pdf+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=
Wernet, S., Olliges, R., & Delicath, T. (2000). Post course evaluation of WebCT (Web Course Tools) classes by social work students. Research on Social Work Practice, 10(4), 487-504.
Zirpoli, T. (2005). Behavior management: Application for teachers. (4th edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Inc.