The Pandemic Viewed Through the Eyes of Overseas Filipino Workers in the Emirates: A Phenomenological Study
Main Article Content
Abstract
The majority of the global population has been severely impacted by the COVID-19 epidemic, a global health emergency. In particular, migrant workers were discovered to be one of the most vulnerable groups among the general population during lockdowns. Hence, the impact of the pandemic on their lives has been apparent. This study was pursued with the purpose to describe the pandemic experiences of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) living and working in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In-depth interviews with seven participants revealed that the pandemic was an avenue for insight construction and reevaluation for them in which their values of faith, gratitude, commitment, and responsibility were accentuated. Moreover, these OFWs considered the pandemic a situation where their emotions and aspirations as migrant workers were tested, which led them to seek means and strategies to keep thriving in the midst of the crisis, facing risks to continue working during the pandemic for the sake of their families who depended on them. This experience thus calls for policy-makers to implement measures in response to migrant workers’ needs to ensure their safety, well-being, and livelihoods in foreign lands, especially when a crisis like a pandemic arises.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright: Asia-Pacific International University reserve exclusive rights to publish, reproduce and distribute the manuscript and all contents therein.
References
Abbas, W. (2021, March 2). Covid trend: UAE employers cut salaries, ask staff to work from home country. Khaleej Times. https://www.khaleejtimes.com/coronavirus-pandemic/covid-trend-uae-employers-cut-salaries-ask-staff-to-work-from-home-country
Anderson, B., Poeschel, F., & Ruhs, M. (2021). Rethinking labour migration: Covid-19, essential work, and systemic resilience. Comparative Migration Studies, 9, 1–19.
Aragona, M., Barbato, A., Cavani, A., Costanzo, G., & Mirisola, C. (2020). Negative impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on mental health service access and follow-up adherence for immigrants and individuals in socio-economic difficulties. Public Health, 186, 52–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.055
Ash, I. K., Jee, B. D., & Wiley, J. (2012). Investigating insight as sudden learning. Journal of Problem Solving, 4(2), 2. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/jps/vol4/iss2/2/
Cleofas, J.V., Eusebio, M.C.S., & Pacudan, E.J.P. (2021). Anxious, apart, and attentive: A qualitative case study of overseas Filipino workers’ families in the time of COVID-19. The Family Journal, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/10664807211006339
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage.
European Commission. (2020). Telework in the EU before and after the COVID-19: Where we were, where we head to. Joint Research Centre. https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/sites/jrcsh/files/jrc120945_policy_brief_-_covid_and_telework_final.pdf
Eva, N., Sari, Q. A. F., Andini, R. D., & Mahasin, alsabila Z. (2021). The role of optimism in responding to Covid-19. KnE Social Sciences, 4(15), 365–369. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v4i15.8224
Global Media Insight. (2023, January 11). United Arab Emirates population statistics 2023. https://www.globalmediainsight.com/blog/uae-population-statistics/
Hassan, J. (2021, January 25). The pandemic destroyed 225 million jobs worldwide, but billionaires got richer, reports find. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/01/25/coronavirus-pandemic-jobs-worlds-richest/
James, P. B., Wardle, J., Steel, A., & Adams, J. (2019). Post‐Ebola psychosocial experiences and coping mechanisms among Ebola survivors: A systematic review. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 24(6), 671–691. https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13226
Jans-Beken, L. (2021). A perspective on mature gratitude as a way of coping with COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 632911. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.632911
Jesline, J., Romate, J., Rajkumar, E., & George, A. J. (2021). The plight of migrants during COVID-19 and the impact of circular migration in India: A systematic review. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00915-6
Jiwani, Z., Cadwell, O. G., Parnes, M., & Brown, A. D. (2021). Uncertainty in the time of corona: Precautionary adherence, fear, and anxiety in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 209(4), 251–255. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001308
Johnston, D. D., & VanderStoep, S. W. (2009). Research methods for everyday life: Blending qualitative and quantitative approaches. Jossey-Bass.
Karataş, Z., & Tagay, Ö. (2021). The relationships between resilience of the adults affected by the Covid pandemic in Turkey and Covid-19 fear, meaning in life, life satisfaction, intolerance of uncertainty and hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 172, 110592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110592
Karpman, M., Zuckerman, S., Gonzales, D., & Kenney, G. M. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic is straining families’ abilities to afford basic needs. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Kaur, H., Singh, T., Arya, Y. K., & Mittal, S. (2020). Physical fitness and exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative enquiry. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2943.
Khatatbeh, M., Al-Maqableh, H. O., Albalas, S., Al Ajlouni, S., A'aqoulah, A., Khatatbeh, H., Kasasbeh, M. A., Khatatbeh, I., Albalas, R., & Al-
Tammemi, A. B. (2021). Attitudes and commitment toward precautionary measures against COVID-19 amongst the Jordanian population: A large-scale cross-sectional survey. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 745149. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.745149
Kirchherr, J., & Charles, K. (2018). Enhancing the sample diversity of snowball samples: Recommendations from a research project on anti-dam movements in Southeast Asia. PloS One, 13(8), e0201710. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201710
Kumar, K., Mehra, A., Sahoo, S., Nehra, R., & Grover, S. (2020). The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on the migrant workers: A cross-sectional survey. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 102252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102252
Londhe, V. (2020, May 6). The impact of COVID-19 on India’s migrant workers. Sedex. https://www.sedex.com/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-indias-migrant-workers/.
Marzo, R. R., Ismail, Z., Htay, M. N. N., Bahari, R., Ismail, R., Villanueva III, E. Q., Singh, A., Lotfizadeh, M., Respati, T., Irasanti, S. N.,
Sartika, D., Mong, P., Lekamwasam, S., Thapa, B. B., Bicer, B.K., Aye, S. S., Songwathana, K., El-Abasiri, R. A., Ahmad, A.,... & Su, T. T. (2021). Psychological distress during pandemic Covid-19 among adult general population: Result across 13 countries. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 10, 100708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100708
Mishra, A. & Sayeed, N. (2020). Covid-19 and migrant workers: clinical psychologists’ viewpoints. In L. S. S. Manickam (Ed.), COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and responses of psychologists from India (pp. 43–56). Thiruvananthapuram, The Editor.
Moustakas, C. E. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Sage.
Munawar, K., & Tariq, O. (2018). Exploring relationship between spiritual intelligence, religiosity and life satisfaction among elderly Pakistani Muslims. Journal of religion and health, 57, 781–795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0360-x
O’Neill, A. (2021, March 31). United Arab Emirates: Unemployment rate from 1999 to 2021. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/297778/uae-unemployment-rate/
Ozimek, A. (2020). Economist report: Future workforce. Upwork. https://www.upwork.com/press/releases/economist-report-future-workforce
Pak, H., Süsen, Y., Nazligül, M. D., & Griffiths, M. (2021). The mediating effects of fear of COVID-19 and depression on the association between intolerance of uncertainty and emotional eating during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20, 1882–1896. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00489-z
Philippines Department of Foreign Affairs. (2020). Population of Overseas Filipinos in the Middle East and North Africa [Chart]. https://dfa.gov.ph/dfa-news/dfa-releasesupdate/25776-population-of-overseas-filipinos-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa
Pogoy, J. M., & Cutamora, J. C. (2021). Lived experiences of Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) nurses working in COVID-19 intensive care units. Belitung Nursing Journal, 7(3), 186–194. https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.1427
Ren, S. Y., Gao, R. D., & Chen, Y. L. (2020). Fear can be more harmful than the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in controlling the corona virus disease 2019 epidemic. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 8(4), 652–657.
Respati, T., Irasanti, S. N., Sartika, D., Akbar, I. B., & Marzo, R. R. (2021). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Indonesian residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Public Health Science, 10(1), 119–126. http://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20609
Sadiković, S., Branovački, B., Oljača, M., Mitrović, D., Pajić, D., & Smederevac, S. (2020). Daily monitoring of emotional responses to the coronavirus pandemic in Serbia: A citizen science approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2133. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02133
Schnalzer, R. (2021, January 19). Household budgeting is extra important this year. Here are some tips to get you started. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/business/newsletter/2021-01-19/budget-advice-income-spending-covid-19-business
Serafini, G., Parmigiani, B., Amerio, A., Aguglia, A., Sher, L., & Amore, M. (2020). The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health in the general population. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(8), 531–537. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa201
Shi, C., Guo, Z., Luo, C., Lei, C., & Li, P. (2020). The psychological impact and associated factors of COVID-19 on the general public in Hunan, China. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 13, 3187–3199. https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s280289
Sousa, D. (2014). Validation in qualitative research: General aspects and specificities of the descriptive phenomenological method. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 11(2), 211–227.
Taha, S., Matheson, K., Cronin, T., & Anisman, H. (2014). Intolerance of uncertainty, appraisals, coping, and anxiety: The case of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. British Journal of Health Psychology, 19(3), 592–605.
Tesorero, A. S. R. (2021, January 1). Philippine Consulate repatriated 3,500 Filipinos from Dubai in 2020. UAE Gulf News. https://gulfnews.com/uae/philippine-consulate-repatriated-3500-filipinos-from-dubai-in-2020-1.76218918#:%7E:text=According%20to%20reports%2C%20over%2050%2C000,to%20around% 203%2C500%20distressed%20Filipinos.
Varcas, M. (2021, March 9). Unemployment rate hits record high in 2020. BusinessWorld. https://www.bworldonline.com/unemployment-rate-hits-record-high-in-2020/
Velázquez, G.L. (2020). The role of philosophy in the pandemic era. Bioethics Update, 6(2), 92–100.
Windholz, G., & Lamal, P. A. (1985). Kohler's insight revisited. Teaching of Psychology, 12(3), 165–167.
Zahra, M., Akhtar, A., Arzoo, H., Humayun, S., Aman, H., & Andleeb, S. N. (2021). Exploring stress coping strategies of front-line emergency medical experts dealing COVID-19 in Pakistan: A Qualitative Inquiry. Multicultural Education, 7(8), 797–806. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740711