The Role of Compassion as Immunity to Stressful Situations in Rubber Authority of Thailand
Main Article Content
Abstract
The aim of the research was to study the effects of public service compassion, self-compassion and work stress on work engagement, the effect of self-compassion on public service compassion, and the influence of public service compassion and self-compassion on work engagement when moderated by work stress. A sample size of this study is consisted of 431 employees from the Rubber Authority of Thailand selected by using multi-stage sampling. The data was collected by questionnaires via an online application and was analyzed by using structural equation modeling technique. The results showed that public service compassion and self-compassion had positively affected work engagement. The results showed that work stress had negatively affected work engagement. It was also found that public service compassion and self-compassion had a more positive influence on work engagement when employees were exposed to more work stress. In addition, the research results found that self-compassion had a positive direct influence on public service compassion.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
1) The content of article in HROD journal is the author’s wholly responsibility to research, analyze, summarize, compile, and reference data. The editorial department will not be responsible in anyway.
2) The submitted articles in HROD journal must be unpublished before and must not be currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. If it is detected for its repetition, the author must be responsible for infringement of copyright.
3) Authors will be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher. The article is prohibited to reproduce all or part of the text, unless allowed.
References
Bono, J. E., & Ilies, R. (2006). Charisma, positive emotions and mood contagion. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(4), 317–334.
Boyle, G. J., Borg, M. G., Falzon, J. M., & Baglioni Jr, A. J. (1995). A structural model of the dimensions of teacher stress. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 65(1), 49–67.
Cooper, C. L., Cooper, C. P., Dewe, P. J., Dewe, P. J., O'Driscoll, M. P., & O'Driscoll, M. P. (2001). Organizational stress: A review and critique of theory, research, and applications. Sage.
Dasborough, M. T. (2006). Cognitive asymmetry in employee emotional reactions to leadership behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(2), 163–178.
Davis, L. L. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from a panel of experts. Applied Nursing Research, 5(4), 194–197.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied psychology, 86(3), 499.
Eichhorn, B. R. (2014). Common method variance techniques. Cleveland State University, Department of Operations & Supply Chain Management. Cleveland, OH: SAS Institute Inc, 1-11.
Eldor, L. (2017). Looking on the bright side: The positive role of organisational politics in the relationship between employee engagement and performance at work. Applied Psychology, 66(2), 233–259.
Eldor, L. (2018). Public service sector: The compassionate workplace - The effect of compassion and stress on employee engagement, burnout, and performance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 28(1), 86–103.
Eldor, L., & Harpaz, I. (2016). A process model of employee engagement: The learning climate and its relationship with extra-role performance behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(2), 213–235.
Evers, N. (2016). Are self-compassionate employees more engaged? The influence of self-compassion on work engagement, mediated by strengths awareneness and individual strengths use, and moderated by proactive personality [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Tiburg Univeristy.
Fernandez, S., & Moldogaziev, T. (2013). Employee empowerment, employee attitudes, and performance: Testing a causal model. Public Administration Review, 73(3), 490–506.
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Positive affect and the other side of coping. American Psychologist, 55(6), 647.
Gabel Shemueli, R., Dolan, S. L., Suárez Ceretti, A., & Nunez del Prado, P. (2016). Burnout and engagement as mediators in the relationship between work characteristics and turnover intentions across two Ibero-American nations. Stress and Health, 32(5), 597-606.
Gagné, M. (2009). A model of knowledge-sharing motivation. Human Resources Management, 48(4), 571–589.
George, J. M., & Brief, A. P. (1996). Motivational agendas in the workplace: The effects of feelings on focus of attention and work motivation. Elsevier Science/JAI Press.
Guy, M. E., & Newman, M. A. (2013). Emotional labor, job satisfaction and burnout: how each affects the other. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Hair, J. F., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th Edition). Pearson Education.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Annalbel Ainscow.
Hassan, S., & Hatmaker, D. M. (2015). Leadership and performance of public employees: Effects of the quality and characteristics of manager-employee relationships. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 25(4), 1127–1155.
Hood, C. (1991). A public management for all seasons? Public Administration, 69(1), 3–19.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
Jazaieri, H., Jinpa, G. T., McGonigal, K., Rosenberg, E. L., Finkelstein, J., Simon-Thomas, E., Cullen, M., Doty, J. R., Gross, J. J., & Goldin, P. R. (2013). Enhancing compassion: A randomized controlled trial of a compassion cultivation training program. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(4), 1113–1126.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724.
Knardahl, S., & Ursin, H. (1985). Sustained activation and the pathophysiology of hypertension and coronary heart disease. In J. F. Orlebeke, G. Mulder, L. J. P. van Doornen (Eds.), Psychophysiology of cardiovascular control. Plenum Press.
Lilius, J. M., Worline, M. C., Maitlis, S., Kanov, J., Dutton, J. E., & Frost, P. (2008). The contours and consequences of compassion at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 29(2), 193–218.
Little, L. M., Nelson, D. L., Wallace, J. C., & Johnson, P. D. (2011). Integrating attachment style, vigor at work, and extra-role performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(3), 464-484.
Maslach, Christina, Schaufeli, W., & Leiter, M. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397–422.
Neff, K. D. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101.
Neff, K. D., & Knox, M. (2020). Self-Compassion. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer.
Neff, K. D., & Pommier, E. (2013). The relationship between self-compassion and other-focused concern among college undergraduates, community adults, and practicing meditators. Self and identity, 12(2), 160-176.
Newman, M. A., Guy, M. E., & Mastracci, S. H. (2009). Beyond cognition: Affective leadership and emotional labor. Public Administration Review, 69(1), 6–20.
OECD. (2014). Government at a glance. Organization For Economic.
Perry, J. L., & Wise, L. R. (1990). The motivational bases of public service. Public Administration Review, 50(5), 367–373.
Petter, J., Byrnes, P., Choi, D.-L., Fegan, F., & Miller, R. (2002). Dimensions and patterns in employee empowerment: Assessing what matters to street-level bureaucrats. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 12(3), 377–400.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2004). Nursing research: Principles and methods. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Prieto, L. L., Soria, M. S., Martínez, I. M., & Schaufeli, W. (2008). Extension of the Job Demands-Resources model in the prediction of burnout and engagement among teachers over time. Psicothema, 20(3), 354–360.
Radey, M., & Figley, C. R. (2007). The social psychology of compassion. Clinical Social Work Journal, 35(3), 207–214.
Schaufeli, W. B. (2013). What is engagement? In C. Truss, K. Alfes, R. Delbridge, A. Shantz, & E. Soane (Eds.), Employee engagement in theory and practice (pp. 15–35). Routledge.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi‐sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92.
Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Van Rhenen, W. (2008). Workaholism, burnout, and work engagement: Three of a kind or three different kinds of employee well‐being? Applied Psychology, 57(2), 173–203.
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of psychological research online, 8(2), 23-74.
Song, S.-H. (2006). Workplace friendship and employees’ productivity: LMX theory and the case of the Seoul city government. International Review of Public Administration, 11(1), 47–58.
Song, S.-H., & Dorothy, O. (2008). Friends at work: A comparative study of work attitudes in Seoul city government and New Jersey state government. Administration & Society, 40(2), 147-169.
Sprecher, S., & Fehr, B. (2005). Compassionate love for close others and humanity. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22(5), 629–651.
Sunyoto, A. (2011). Industrial and Organizational Psychology. University of Indonesia (UI-Press).
Tummers, L. G., & Knies, E. (2013). Leadership and meaningful work in the public sector. Public Administration Review, 73(6), 859–868.
United Nations Development Programme. (2015). Human development report: work for human development. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2015_ human_development_report_1.pdf. 24.11.2015.
Vaughan-Johnston, T. I., & Jacobson, J. A. (2020). Need personality constructs and preferences for different types of self-relevant feedback. Personality and Individual Differences, 154(2), 109671.
Vigoda-Gadot, E., & Beeri, I. (2012). Change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior in public administration: The power of leadership and the cost of organizational politics. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 22(3), 573–596.
Vigoda-Gadot, E., & Meisler, G. (2010). Emotions in management and the management of emotions: The impact of emotional intelligence and organizational politics on public sector employees. Public Administration Review, 70(1), 72–86.
Vigoda-Gadot, E. (2007). Leadership style, organizational politics, and employees’ performance. Personnel Review.
Waltz, C. F., Strickland, O. L., & Lenz, E. R. (2010). Measurement in nursing and health research. Springer publishing company.
Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., & Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange: A social exchange perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 40(1), 82–111.
Whitley, E., & Ball, J. (2002). Statistics review 4: Sample size calculations. Critical care, 6(4), 335–341.
Wright, B. E., Christensen, R. K., & Isett, K. R. (2013). Motivated to adapt? The role of public service motivation as employees face organizational change. Public Administration Review, 73(5), 738–747.
Zeigler-Hill, V., & Shackelford, T. K. (Eds.). (2020). Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences. Springer International Publishing.