The transformation of streetscape by transit-oriented development in Rattanakosin area : a case study of MRT blue line

Abstract

Streetscapes are crucial physical features that reflect the unique identity of a city. They offer insights into the community's lifestyle, culture, history, natural landscape, and the harmonious architectural styles of its inhabitants.  Historically, Siam, known as the "Venice of the East," relied heavily on waterways and canals, with boats serving as the primary mode of transportation. However, following the Bowring Treaty of 1856, roads began playing a significant role in driving the nation's economy.  Key components of streetscapes include historically significant buildings, architecture, trees, sidewalks, open spaces, and community activities. Over time, the streetscapes in old city areas has undergone transformations due to various factors, The study of the factors causing changes in the streetscapes of the aforementioned in each area is due to including urban regulations, public and private investment projects, and also the advent of mass transit systems.  The Blue Line MRT (Bangkok's subway), specifically the Hua Lamphong-Bang Khae section, exemplifies urban development centered around stations – a Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) approach which aim it to reduce car dependency, promote public transport, walking, and cycling. These factors have led to multifaceted changes streetscapes, ranging from renovations of building clusters, adjustments to colors and heights, modifications to open spaces to accommodate shifting usage patterns, and even community transformations through gentrification phenomenon that has already occurred in many major cities across the globe, including in Thailand.