พวกเขาคิดอย่างไรกับฉัน? การเปรียบเทียบความเชื่อของนักศึกษาอเมริกันและไทยเกี่ยวกับการรับรู้ของผู้อื่นที่มีต่อชีวิตของตนบนสื่อเฟซบุ๊ก
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เผยแพร่แล้ว:
ธ.ค. 17, 2018
คำสำคัญ:
เฟซบุ๊ก สื่อสังคม การนำเสนอตัวตน ความผาสุก
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บทคัดย่อ
เฟซบุ๊กเปิดเวทีให้ผู้ใช้งานได้นำเสนอตนเองสู่ทุกมุมโลก ซึ่งการนำเสนอตัวตนดังกล่าวอาจแตกต่างไปจากชีวิตจริงของพวกเขา คำถามที่ยังไม่มีคำตอบนั้น เกี่ยวเนื่องกับความเชื่อของผู้ใช้เฟซบุ๊กในประเด็นการรับรู้ของผู้อื่นที่มีต่อชีวิตออนไลน์ของตนเอง นั่นคือพวกเขาเชื่อหรือไม่ว่าผู้อื่นมีทัศนคติเฉพาะต่อตนเองในเชิงลบหรือเชิงบวก เป็นต้น และทัศนคติเช่นนั้นเป็นผลจากการสังเกตโปรไฟล์หรือโพสต์ต่าง ๆ ของพวกเขาใช่หรือไม่ นักศึกษาจำนวน 410 คนจาก มหาวิทยาลัย 2 แห่งในประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกาและประเทศไทยเข้าร่วมการวิจัยเชิงสำรวจ การศึกษาครั้งนี้ใช้มาตราวัดแบบ Semantic Differential เกี่ยวกับการนำเสนอตัวตน จำนวน 15 รายการ ผลการศึกษาพบว่า นักศึกษาอเมริกันมีผลคะแนนความคลาดเคลื่อนระหว่างชีวิตออนไลน์และชีวิตจริงสูงกว่านักศึกษาไทยในทุกรายการ นั่นคือนักศึกษาอเมริกันมักนำเสนอตัวตนเชิงบวกบนสื่อเฟซบุ๊กมากกว่าชีวิตจริงเสมอ ผลการศึกษายังพบว่าผู้ใช้เฟซบุ๊กที่นำเสนอตัวตนว่า ดีกว่าความเป็นจริงนั้น พวกเขามีแนวโน้มที่จะมีความผาสุกสูงตามไปด้วย และท้ายสุด การศึกษาพบว่า ยิ่งค่าความคลาดเคลื่อนระหว่างการนำเสนอตัวตนบนโลกออนไลน์และความเชื่อว่าผู้อื่นมองตนเองอย่างไรสูงขึ้น คะแนนความผาสุกก็ยิ่งลดน้อยลง
Article Details
บท
บทความวิจัย
บทความที่นำมาสมัครลงตีพิมพ์ในวารสารต้องไม่เคยได้รับการตีพิมพ์เผยแพร่มาก่อน และไม่ส่งต้นฉบับบทความซ้ำซ้อนกับวารสารอื่น รวมทั้งผู้เขียนบทความต้องไม่ละเมิดหรือคัดลอกผลงานของผู้อื่น
References
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Bareket-Bojmel, L., Moran, S. & Shahar, G. (2016). Strategic self-presentation on Facebook: Personal motives and audience response to online behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 55(Part B), 788-795.
Blachnio, A., Przepiorka, A., Boruch, W. & Balakier, E. (2016). Self-presentation styles, privacy, and loneliness as predictors of Facebook use in young people. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 26-31.
Brailovskaia, J. & Bierhoff, H. (2016). Cross-cultural narcissism on Facebook: Relationship between self-presentation, social interaction and the open and covert narcissism on a social networking site in Germany and Russia. Computers in Human Behavior, 55(Part A), 251-257.
Brailovskaia, J. & Margraf, J. (2016). Comparing Facebook users and Facebook non-users: Relationship between personality traits and mental health variables—An exploratory study. PLOS ONE. Retrieved May 12, 2017 from https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0166999.
Buffardi, L. E., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Narcissism and social networking web sites. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(10), 1303-1314.
Caers, R., De Feyter, T., De Couck, M., Stough, T., Vigna, C., & Du Bois, C. (2013). Facebook:
A literature review. New Media & Society, 15(6), 982-1002.
Chen, B., & Marcus, J. Students’ self-presentation on Facebook: An examination of personality and self-construal factors. Computers in Human Behavior 28(6), 2091–2099.
Collins, A. W. & Laursen, B. (2004). Changing relationships, changing youth: Interpersonal
contexts of adolescent development. Journal of Early Adolescence, 24(1), 55-62.
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C. & Lampe, C. (2011). Connection strategies: Social capital
implications of Facebook-enabled communication practices. New Media & Society, 13(6), 873-892.
Gil-Or, O., Levi-Belz, Y., & Turel, O. (2015). The “Facebook self”: Characteristics and psychological predictors of false self-presentation on Facebook. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(99), 1-10.
Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(6), 504–528.
Grace-Martin, K. (n.d.). Outliers: To drop or not to drop. The Analysis Factor. Retrieved January 13, 2018, from https://www.theanalysisfactor.com/outliers-to-drop-or-not-to-drop/
Grieve, R. & Watkinson, J. (2016). The psychology benefits of being authentic on Facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(7), 420-425.
Hamamura, T. (2012). Are cultures becoming individualistic? A cross-temporal comparison of individualism-collectivism in the United States and Japan. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(1), 3-24.
Henrikson, J. U. (2011, August 30). The growth of social media: An infographic. Search Engine Journal. Retrieved May 13, 2017, from https://www.searchenginejournal.com/the-growth-of-social-media-an-infographic/32788/
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Jung, Y., Pawlowski, S. D., & Kim, H. (2017). Exploring associations between young adults’ Facebook use and psychological well-being: A goal hierarchy approach. International Journal of Information Management, 37(1), 1391-1404.
Kalpidou, M., Costin, D., & Morris, J. (2011). The relationship between Facebook and the well-being of undergraduate college students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(4), 183-189.
Kim, K. I., Park, H. J., & Suzuki, N. (1990). Reward allocations in the United States, Japan, and Korea: A comparison of individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Academy of Management Journal, 33(1), 88-198.
Köhl, M. M., & Götzenbrucker, G. (2015). Network technologies as emotional resources? Exploring emerging emotional cultures on social network sites such as Facebook and Hi5: A trans-cultural study. Media Culture & Society, 36(4), 508-525.
Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., Shablack, H., Jonides, J., & Ybarra, O. (2013). Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults. PLOS ONE 8(8). Retrieved June 24, 2017, from https://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0069841
Leading countries based on number of Facebook users as of January 2018 (in millions). (2018). Statista. Retrieved March 12, 2018, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/268136/top-15-countries-based-on-number-of-facebook-users/.
Lee, E., Ahn, J., & Kim, Y. J. (2014). Personality traits and self-presentation at Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences, 69(1), 162-167.
Lenhart, A. (2015, April 9). Teens, social media & technology overview 2015. The Pew Research Center. Retrieved June 24, 2017, from https://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/09/teens-social-media-technology-2015/
Magpanthong, C. & McDaniel, D. (2015). Online expression of emotions and personal viewpoints: A case study of Facebook usage among Thai and US students. BU Academic Review, 14(2), 83-99.
Manago, A. M., Taylor, T. & Greenfield, P. M. (2012). Me and my 400 friends: The anatomy of
college students’ Facebook networks, their communication patterns, and well-being. Developmental Psychology, 48(2), 369-380.
Metzler, A. & Scheithauer, H. (2017). The long-term benefits of positive self-presentation via profile pictures, number of friends and the initiation of relationships on Faces for adolescents’ self-esteem and the initiation of offline relationships. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(1), 1-15.
Michikyan, M., Dennis, J. & Subrahmanyam, K. (2015). Can you guess who I am? Real, ideal and false self-presentation on Facebook among emerging adults. Emerging Adulthood, 3(1), 55-64.
National Statistical Office. (2016). The 2016 household survey on the use of information and communication technology. Bangkok: Ministry of Digital Economy and Society.
Number of monthly active Facebook users worldwide as of 4th quarter 2017 (in millions). (2018). Statista. Retrieved March 12, 2018, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/.
Ong, E. Y. L., Ang, R. P., Ho, J. C. M., Lim, J. C. Y., Goh, D. H., Lee, C. S., & Chua, A. Y. K. (2011). Narcissism, extraversion and adolescents’ self-presentation on Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2) 180-185.
Park, N., Kee, K. F. & Valenzuela, S. (2009). Being immersed in social networking environment: Facebook groups, uses and gratifications, and social outcomes. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 12(6), 729-733.
Reinecke, L. & Trepte, S. (2014). Authenticity and well-being on social network sites: A two-wave longitudinal study on the effects of online authenticity and the positivity bias in SNS communication. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 95-102.
Rhein, D. & Sukatawanda, P. (2015). Thai university student schemas and anxiety symptomatology. International Education Studies, 8(7), 108-126.
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of
psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069- 1081.
Ryff, C. D. & Keyes, L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727.
Seidman, G. (2013). Self-presentation and belonging on Facebook: How personality influences social media use and motivations. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(3), 402-407.
Toma, C. L, & Carlson, C. L., (2012). I’m so much cooler online: An examination of self-presentation in Facebook profiles. Paper presented at the International Communication Association Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ.
Toma, C. L, & Carlson, C. L., (2015). How Do Facebook Users Believe They Come Across in Their Profiles?: A Meta-Perception Approach to Investigating Facebook Self-Presentation. Communication Research Reports, 32(1), 93-101.
Triandis, H. C., McCusker, C., & Hui, C. H. (1990). Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(5), 1006-1020.
Utz, S., Tanis, M., & Vermeulen, I. (2012). It is all about being popular: the effects of need for popularity on social network site use. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(1), 37-42.
Wright, E. J., White, K. M., & Obst, P. L. (2018). Facebook false self-presentation behaviors and negative mental health. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(1), 40-49.
Yang, C. & Brown, B. B. (2016). Online self-presentation on Facebook and self development during the college transition. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(2), 402-416.
Bareket-Bojmel, L., Moran, S. & Shahar, G. (2016). Strategic self-presentation on Facebook: Personal motives and audience response to online behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 55(Part B), 788-795.
Blachnio, A., Przepiorka, A., Boruch, W. & Balakier, E. (2016). Self-presentation styles, privacy, and loneliness as predictors of Facebook use in young people. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 26-31.
Brailovskaia, J. & Bierhoff, H. (2016). Cross-cultural narcissism on Facebook: Relationship between self-presentation, social interaction and the open and covert narcissism on a social networking site in Germany and Russia. Computers in Human Behavior, 55(Part A), 251-257.
Brailovskaia, J. & Margraf, J. (2016). Comparing Facebook users and Facebook non-users: Relationship between personality traits and mental health variables—An exploratory study. PLOS ONE. Retrieved May 12, 2017 from https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0166999.
Buffardi, L. E., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Narcissism and social networking web sites. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(10), 1303-1314.
Caers, R., De Feyter, T., De Couck, M., Stough, T., Vigna, C., & Du Bois, C. (2013). Facebook:
A literature review. New Media & Society, 15(6), 982-1002.
Chen, B., & Marcus, J. Students’ self-presentation on Facebook: An examination of personality and self-construal factors. Computers in Human Behavior 28(6), 2091–2099.
Collins, A. W. & Laursen, B. (2004). Changing relationships, changing youth: Interpersonal
contexts of adolescent development. Journal of Early Adolescence, 24(1), 55-62.
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C. & Lampe, C. (2011). Connection strategies: Social capital
implications of Facebook-enabled communication practices. New Media & Society, 13(6), 873-892.
Gil-Or, O., Levi-Belz, Y., & Turel, O. (2015). The “Facebook self”: Characteristics and psychological predictors of false self-presentation on Facebook. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(99), 1-10.
Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(6), 504–528.
Grace-Martin, K. (n.d.). Outliers: To drop or not to drop. The Analysis Factor. Retrieved January 13, 2018, from https://www.theanalysisfactor.com/outliers-to-drop-or-not-to-drop/
Grieve, R. & Watkinson, J. (2016). The psychology benefits of being authentic on Facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(7), 420-425.
Hamamura, T. (2012). Are cultures becoming individualistic? A cross-temporal comparison of individualism-collectivism in the United States and Japan. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(1), 3-24.
Henrikson, J. U. (2011, August 30). The growth of social media: An infographic. Search Engine Journal. Retrieved May 13, 2017, from https://www.searchenginejournal.com/the-growth-of-social-media-an-infographic/32788/
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Jung, Y., Pawlowski, S. D., & Kim, H. (2017). Exploring associations between young adults’ Facebook use and psychological well-being: A goal hierarchy approach. International Journal of Information Management, 37(1), 1391-1404.
Kalpidou, M., Costin, D., & Morris, J. (2011). The relationship between Facebook and the well-being of undergraduate college students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(4), 183-189.
Kim, K. I., Park, H. J., & Suzuki, N. (1990). Reward allocations in the United States, Japan, and Korea: A comparison of individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Academy of Management Journal, 33(1), 88-198.
Köhl, M. M., & Götzenbrucker, G. (2015). Network technologies as emotional resources? Exploring emerging emotional cultures on social network sites such as Facebook and Hi5: A trans-cultural study. Media Culture & Society, 36(4), 508-525.
Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., Shablack, H., Jonides, J., & Ybarra, O. (2013). Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults. PLOS ONE 8(8). Retrieved June 24, 2017, from https://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0069841
Leading countries based on number of Facebook users as of January 2018 (in millions). (2018). Statista. Retrieved March 12, 2018, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/268136/top-15-countries-based-on-number-of-facebook-users/.
Lee, E., Ahn, J., & Kim, Y. J. (2014). Personality traits and self-presentation at Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences, 69(1), 162-167.
Lenhart, A. (2015, April 9). Teens, social media & technology overview 2015. The Pew Research Center. Retrieved June 24, 2017, from https://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/09/teens-social-media-technology-2015/
Magpanthong, C. & McDaniel, D. (2015). Online expression of emotions and personal viewpoints: A case study of Facebook usage among Thai and US students. BU Academic Review, 14(2), 83-99.
Manago, A. M., Taylor, T. & Greenfield, P. M. (2012). Me and my 400 friends: The anatomy of
college students’ Facebook networks, their communication patterns, and well-being. Developmental Psychology, 48(2), 369-380.
Metzler, A. & Scheithauer, H. (2017). The long-term benefits of positive self-presentation via profile pictures, number of friends and the initiation of relationships on Faces for adolescents’ self-esteem and the initiation of offline relationships. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(1), 1-15.
Michikyan, M., Dennis, J. & Subrahmanyam, K. (2015). Can you guess who I am? Real, ideal and false self-presentation on Facebook among emerging adults. Emerging Adulthood, 3(1), 55-64.
National Statistical Office. (2016). The 2016 household survey on the use of information and communication technology. Bangkok: Ministry of Digital Economy and Society.
Number of monthly active Facebook users worldwide as of 4th quarter 2017 (in millions). (2018). Statista. Retrieved March 12, 2018, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/.
Ong, E. Y. L., Ang, R. P., Ho, J. C. M., Lim, J. C. Y., Goh, D. H., Lee, C. S., & Chua, A. Y. K. (2011). Narcissism, extraversion and adolescents’ self-presentation on Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2) 180-185.
Park, N., Kee, K. F. & Valenzuela, S. (2009). Being immersed in social networking environment: Facebook groups, uses and gratifications, and social outcomes. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 12(6), 729-733.
Reinecke, L. & Trepte, S. (2014). Authenticity and well-being on social network sites: A two-wave longitudinal study on the effects of online authenticity and the positivity bias in SNS communication. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 95-102.
Rhein, D. & Sukatawanda, P. (2015). Thai university student schemas and anxiety symptomatology. International Education Studies, 8(7), 108-126.
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of
psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069- 1081.
Ryff, C. D. & Keyes, L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727.
Seidman, G. (2013). Self-presentation and belonging on Facebook: How personality influences social media use and motivations. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(3), 402-407.
Toma, C. L, & Carlson, C. L., (2012). I’m so much cooler online: An examination of self-presentation in Facebook profiles. Paper presented at the International Communication Association Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ.
Toma, C. L, & Carlson, C. L., (2015). How Do Facebook Users Believe They Come Across in Their Profiles?: A Meta-Perception Approach to Investigating Facebook Self-Presentation. Communication Research Reports, 32(1), 93-101.
Triandis, H. C., McCusker, C., & Hui, C. H. (1990). Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(5), 1006-1020.
Utz, S., Tanis, M., & Vermeulen, I. (2012). It is all about being popular: the effects of need for popularity on social network site use. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(1), 37-42.
Wright, E. J., White, K. M., & Obst, P. L. (2018). Facebook false self-presentation behaviors and negative mental health. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(1), 40-49.
Yang, C. & Brown, B. B. (2016). Online self-presentation on Facebook and self development during the college transition. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(2), 402-416.