Cultural Competency in Professional Nursing Some Considerations for Thai Nurses
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Abstract
The growing research focusing on cultural competency in the nursing profession necessitates a contextual evaluation of the Thai nursing profession. This paper gives an overview of the definitions, related concepts, and existing measures of cultural competency for nurses. Data was retrieved from electronic databases such as CINAHL, Science Direct, and ThaiLis. The inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed and primary source articles regarding cultural competency of nurses within the past 15 years since it is a time-sensitive subject. The findings revealed the levels of nurses’ awareness of the diverse ethnicity of the population and its impact on value conflict in health care. From the meta-analysis of the literature, it was found that cultural knowledge and strategies to gain cultural competency and to foster learning in the workplace remain minimally explored among Thai nurses. To conclude, this study proposes strategies in which cultural competence can be acquired and developed.
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Academic Articles
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References
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Meleis, A. I. (1996). Culturally competent scholarship: Substance and rigor. Advance Nursing Science 19(2), 1-16.
Nakagasien, P., Nuntaboot, K., & Sangchart, B. (2008). Cultural care for person with diabetes in the community: An ethnographic study in Thailand. Thai Journal of Nursing Research, 12(2), 121-129.
Nitisiri, A. (2009, August 14, 2009). Foreign Laborer Statistics. Bangkok Today. Retrieved August 14, 2009, from www.ryt9.com
Parker, W. M., Bingham, R. P., & Fukuyama, M. A. (1985). Improving cross-cultural effectiveness of counselor trainee. Counselor Education and Supervision, 24(4), 349-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.15566978.1985.tb00496.x
Perng, S., Lin, C., & Chuang, J. (2007). Cultivating cultural competence through education (Chinese). Tzu Chi Nursing Journal, 6(4), 91-102.
Ralston, D. V., Hallinger, P, Egri, C. P., & Naothinsuhk, S. (2005). The effects of culture and life stage on workplace strategies of upward influence: A comparison of Thailand and the United States. Journal of World Business, 40(3), 321-337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.05.007
Reynolds, C., & Leininger, M. (1993). Madeleine Leininger: Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory. London: Sage.
Ruiz, M. C. (1981). Open-closed mindedness, intolerance of ambiguity and nursing faculty attitudes toward culturally different patients. Nursing Research, 30, 177-181.
Sargent, S. E., Sedlak, C. A., & Martsolf, D. S. (2005). Cultural competence among nursing students and faculty. Nurse Education Today, 25(3), 214-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2004.12.005
Smith, L. S. (1998). Concept analysis: Cultural competence. Journal Cultural Diversity, 5(1), 4-10.
Songwathana, P., Hiruanchunha, S., Sangchan, H., Petpichetchian, W., & Kampalikit, S. (2008). Development a Nursing Curriculum for Improvement of Cultural Skills and Competence for Nursing Students. Unpublished Thesis. Faculty of Nursing, Prince of Songkla University.
Tervalon, M., & Murray-Garcia, J. (1998). Cultural humility versus cultural competence: a critical distinction in defining physician training outcomes in multicultural education. Journal Health Care Poor Underserved, 9(2), 117-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2010.0233
Waltz, C. F., Strickland, O. L., Lenz, E. R., & Soeken, K. L. (2005). Validity of Measures. In C. F. Waltz, O. L. Strickland & E. R. Lenz (Eds.), Measurement in Nursing and Health Research. New York: Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
Bond, M. L., Kardong-Edgren, S., & Jones, M. E. (2001). Assessment of professional nursing students’ knowledge and attitudes about patients of diverse culture. Journal of Professional Nursing, 17(6), 305-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jpnu.2001.28426
Campinha-Bacote, J. (1994). Cultural competence in psychiatric mental health nursing. Nursing Clinics of North America, 29(1), 1-8.
Campinha-Bacote, J. (1999). A model and instrument for addressing cultural competence in health care. Journal of Nursing Education, 38(5), 203-207.
Celik, H., Abma, T. A., Widdershven, G. A., Wijmen Van, F. C., & Klinge, I. (2008). Implementing of deversity in health care practice: Barriers and opportunities. Patient Education and Counseling, 71(1), 65-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2007.11.02
Cobuild, C. (2006). Collins COBUILD Dictionary on CD-ROM.
Cooper-Patrick, L., Gallo, J., & Gonzales, J. (1999). Race, gender, and partnership in the patient-physician relationship. JAMA, 282, 583-585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.6.583
Dunn, T. W., Smith, T. B., & Montoya, J. A. (2006). Multicultural competency instrumentation: A review and analysis of reliability generalization. Journal of Counseling and Development, 84, 471-482.
Flores, G. (2000). Culture and the patient-physician relationship: Achieving cultural competency in health care. Journal of Pediatric, 136, 14-23.
Gerrish, K. (1997). Preparation of nurses to meet the needs of an ethnically diverse society: Educational implications. Nurse Education Today, 17, 359-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0260-6917(97)80095-0
Hiranchunha, S., Sangchan, H., Songwattana, P., & Phetphichetchean, W. (2009). Cultural Awareness Competency of Nursing Students and Faculties in Giving Care to Multicultural Clients. Journal of Thai Nursing Council, 24(1), 99-111.
Im, E.-O., Meleis, A. I., & Lee, K. A. (1999). Cultural competence of measurement scales of menopausal symptoms: Use in research among Korean women. International Journal of Nursing Studies 36, 455-463.
Im, E.-O., Page, R., Lin, L.-C., Tsai, H.-M., & Chen, C.-Y. (2004). Rigor in cross-cultural nursing research. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 41, 891-899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2005.04.001
Jones, M. E., & Bond, M. L. (1998). Center for Hispanic studies in nursing and health. The University of Texas at Arlington School of Nursing.
Jones, M. E., & Bond, M. L. (2000). Personal adjustment, language acquisition and culture learning in short-term cultural immersion. Phi Beta Delta International Review, 10, 1-82.
Kardong-Edgren, S. (2004). Cultural competency of nursing and health education faculty. Texas Woman’s University.
Kardong-Edgren, S., Bond, M. L., Schlosser, S., Cason, C., Jones, M. E., Warr, R., et al. (2005). Cultural attitudes, knowledge, and skills of nursing faculty toward patients from four diverse culture. Journal of Professional Nursing, 21(3), 175-182. htt://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2005.04.001
Kawashima, A. (2008). Study on cultural competency of Japanese nurses., George Mason University.
Kitthisathaporn, K. (2007, February 3, 2008). An Estimated 10 % Increased of International School Business in Thailand. Post Today Retrieved August 14, 2009, from www.citiservice.net
Kulwicki, A., & Boloink, B. (1996). Assessment of level of comfort in providing multi-cultural nursing care by baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 3(2), 40-45.
Kumas-Tan, Z., Beagan, B., Loppie, C., MacLeod, A., & Frank, B. (2007). Measures of cultural competence: Examining hidden assumptions. Academic Medicine, 82(6), 548-557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ ACM.0b013e3180555a2d
Lee, M., & Coulehan, J. L. (2006). Medical students’ perceptions of racial diversity and gender equality. Medical Education, 40(7), 691-696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02516.x
Lee, R. L. T., Pang, S. M. C., & Wong, T. K. S. (2007). Evaluation of an innovative nursing exchange program: Health counseling skills and cultural awareness. Nurse Education Today, 27(8), 868-877. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.nedt.2006.12.002
Lester, N. (1998). Cultural competence: A nursing dialogue. American Journal Nursing, 98(8), 26-33.
Meleis, A. I. (1996). Culturally competent scholarship: Substance and rigor. Advance Nursing Science 19(2), 1-16.
Nakagasien, P., Nuntaboot, K., & Sangchart, B. (2008). Cultural care for person with diabetes in the community: An ethnographic study in Thailand. Thai Journal of Nursing Research, 12(2), 121-129.
Nitisiri, A. (2009, August 14, 2009). Foreign Laborer Statistics. Bangkok Today. Retrieved August 14, 2009, from www.ryt9.com
Parker, W. M., Bingham, R. P., & Fukuyama, M. A. (1985). Improving cross-cultural effectiveness of counselor trainee. Counselor Education and Supervision, 24(4), 349-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.15566978.1985.tb00496.x
Perng, S., Lin, C., & Chuang, J. (2007). Cultivating cultural competence through education (Chinese). Tzu Chi Nursing Journal, 6(4), 91-102.
Ralston, D. V., Hallinger, P, Egri, C. P., & Naothinsuhk, S. (2005). The effects of culture and life stage on workplace strategies of upward influence: A comparison of Thailand and the United States. Journal of World Business, 40(3), 321-337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.05.007
Reynolds, C., & Leininger, M. (1993). Madeleine Leininger: Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory. London: Sage.
Ruiz, M. C. (1981). Open-closed mindedness, intolerance of ambiguity and nursing faculty attitudes toward culturally different patients. Nursing Research, 30, 177-181.
Sargent, S. E., Sedlak, C. A., & Martsolf, D. S. (2005). Cultural competence among nursing students and faculty. Nurse Education Today, 25(3), 214-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2004.12.005
Smith, L. S. (1998). Concept analysis: Cultural competence. Journal Cultural Diversity, 5(1), 4-10.
Songwathana, P., Hiruanchunha, S., Sangchan, H., Petpichetchian, W., & Kampalikit, S. (2008). Development a Nursing Curriculum for Improvement of Cultural Skills and Competence for Nursing Students. Unpublished Thesis. Faculty of Nursing, Prince of Songkla University.
Tervalon, M., & Murray-Garcia, J. (1998). Cultural humility versus cultural competence: a critical distinction in defining physician training outcomes in multicultural education. Journal Health Care Poor Underserved, 9(2), 117-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2010.0233
Waltz, C. F., Strickland, O. L., Lenz, E. R., & Soeken, K. L. (2005). Validity of Measures. In C. F. Waltz, O. L. Strickland & E. R. Lenz (Eds.), Measurement in Nursing and Health Research. New York: Springer Publishing Company, Inc.