Religious Commitment, Religious Fundamentalism, and Attitudes Towards Reading Ellen White among Asian University Students
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Published:
Sep 19, 2019
Keywords:
Ellen White, religious fundamentalism, religious commitment
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explain attitudes towards reading Ellen White using religious commitment, religious fundamentalism, gender, class level, and academic major as independent variables. A cross-sectional design that surveyed 225 students at a Seventh-day Adventist university was employed. The analysis included descriptive statistics and multiple regression. Results indicated that religious commitment and religious fundamentalism had strong relationships with attitudes towards reading Ellen White. In addition, gender, and study major were also significant explanatory variables. The model explained 43% of the variance of attitudes towards reading Ellen White. This implies that among young adults, religious commitment and fundamentalism are factors to consider when addressing attitudes towards reading the writings of Ellen White.
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Research Articles
Copyright: Asia-Pacific International University reserve exclusive rights to publish, reproduce and distribute the manuscript and all contents therein.
References
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Altemeyer, B., & Hunsberger, B. (1992). Authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, quest, and prejudice. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 2(2), 113–133. doi.org/10.1207/s15327582ijpr0202_5
Applegate, A., Applegate, M., Mercantini, M., McGeehan, C., Cobb, J., DeBoy, J., … Lewinski, K. (2014). The Peter Effect revisited: Reading habits and attitudes of college students. Literacy Research and Instruction, 53(3), 188–204. doi.org/10.1080/19388071.2014.898719
Baker, B. (2018, April). Ellen White and social justice activism (Part 1). Retrieved from https://spectrummagazine.org/article/2018/04/19/ellen-white-and-social-justice-activism-part-1
Bridges, K., & Harnish, R. (2015). Gender differences in formal thinking: Their impact on right-wing authoritarianism and religious fundamentalism. Psychology, 6(13), 1676–1684. doi.org/10.4236/psych.2015.613164
Brooks, E. (1996). Attitudes toward reading in the adult learner population (Masters Theses). Kean College, New Jersey. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED393068.pdf
Carlucci, L., Tommasi, M., Balsamo, M., Furnham, A., & Saggino, A. (2015). Religious fundamentalism and psychological well-being: An Italian study. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 43(1), 23–33. doi.org/10.1177/009164711504300103
Corson, R. (2011). The problem of Progressive Adventists [Adventist Today]. Retrieved from https://atoday.org/the-problem-of-progressive-adventists/
Craig, S., Austin, A., Rashidi, M., & Adams, M. (2017). Fighting for survival: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning students in religious colleges and universities. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 29(1), 1–24. doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2016.1260512
Dar, K., & Iqbal, N. (2017). Religious commitment and well-being in college students: Examining conditional indirect effects of meaning in life. Journal of Religion and Health, 1–10. doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0538-2
Davidson, J., & Knudsen, D. (1977). A new approach to religious commitment. Sociological Focus, 10(2), 151–173. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/20831037
Davies, R. (2011, January). New Ellen White scholar shares his findings. Retrieved from https://spectrummagazine.org/article/interviews/2011/01/10/new-ellen-white-scholar-shares-his-findings
Drumm, R., Cooper, L., Seifert, M., Sedlacek, D., & McBride, D. (2017). “Love everybody, keep your mouth shut, don’t have an opinion”: Role expectations among Seventh-day Adventist pastor spouses. Social Work & Christianity, 44(3), 94–114.
Dudley, R., & Cummings, D. (1982, October). Who reads Ellen White? Ministry Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.ministrymagazine.org/archive/1982/10/who-reads-ellen-white
Dwyer, B. (2009, February). The ongoing conversation about Ellen White in Spectrum. Spectrum. Retrieved from https://spectrummagazine.org/article/bonnie-dwyer/2009/02/13/ongoing-conversation-about-ellen-white-spectrum
Ellis, L. (2017). Religious variations in fundamentalism in Malaysia and the United States: Possible relevance to religiously motivated violence. Personality and Individual Differences, 107(1), 23–27. doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.012
Ferrari, J., & Guerrero, M. (2017). Children, careers, and clergy life: Predictors of religious commitment from stressors among Catholic Deacons. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 19(4), 287–294. doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2016.1276421
Fisher, A., Castellini, G., Ristori, J., Casale, H., Giovanardi, G., Carone, N., … Maggi, M. (2017). Who has the worst attitudes toward sexual minorities? Comparison of transphobia and homophobia levels in gender dysphoric individuals, the general population and health care providers. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 40(3), 263–273. doi.org/10.1007/s40618-016-0552-3
Foo, X., Alwi, M., Ismail, S., Ibrahim, N., & Osman, Z. (2014). Religious commitment, attitudes toward suicide, and suicidal behaviors among college students of different ethnic and religious groups in Malaysia. Journal of Religion and Health, 53(3), 731–746. doi.org/10.1007/s10943-012-9667-9
General Conference of Seventh-day Adventist. (1993). Valuegenesis Study 1 Core Report. General Conference of Seventh-day Adventist. Retrieved from https://circle.adventist.org/download/VGCORERE.pdf
Haggard, M., Kaelen, R., Saroglou, V., Klein, O., & Rowatt, W. (2018). Religion’s role in the illusion of gender equality: Supraliminal and subliminal religious priming increases benevolent sexism. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. doi.org/10.1037/rel0000196
Harbaugh, E., & Lindsey, E. (2015). Attitudes toward homosexuality among young adults: Connections to gender role identity, gender-typed activities, and religiosity. Journal of Homosexuality, 62(8), 1098–1125. doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2015.1021635
Hardie, J., Pearce, L., & Denton, M. (2016). The dynamics and correlates of religious service attendance in adolescence. Youth & Society, 48(2), 151–175. doi.org/10.1177/0044118X13483777
Herriot, P. (2014). Religious Fundamentalism and Social Identity. London: Routledge.
Isakson, R., Isakson, M., Plummer, K., & Chapman, S. (2016). Development and validation of the Isakson Survey of
Academic Reading Attitudes (ISARA). Journal of College Reading and Learning, 46(2), 113–138. doi.org/10.1080/10790195.2016.1141667
Krause, N., Ironson, G., & Hill, P. (2017). Volunteer work, religious commitment, and resting pulse rates. Journal of Religion and Health, 56(2), 591–603. doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0347-z
Kunzman, R. (2010). Homeschooling and religious fundamentalism. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 3(1), 17–28.
Landor, A., & Simons, L. (2014). Why virginity pledges succeed or fail: The moderating effect of religious commitment versus religious participation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(3), 1102–1113. doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9769-3
Lee, J., & Schallert, D. (2015). Exploring the reading–writing connection: A yearlong classroom-based experimental study of middle school students developing literacy in a new language. Reading Research Quarterly, 51(2), 143–164.
Liht, J., Conway, L., Savage, S., White, W., & O’Neil, K. (2011). Religious fundamentalism: An empirically derived construct and measurement scale. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 33, 1–25. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1163/157361211X594159
Meanley, S., Pingel, E., & Bauermeister, J. (2016). Psychological well-being among religious and spiritual-identified young gay and bisexual men. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 13(1), 35–45. doi.org/10.1007/s13178-015-0199-4
Merisuo-Storm, T., & Aerila, J.-A. (2018). Boys’ and girls’ reading skills and attitudes during the first six school years. Reading Achievement and Motivation in Boys and Girls, 15, 157–181. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75948-7_9
Mirola, W., & Monahan, S. C. (2016). Religion matters: What sociology teaches us about religion in our world. New York: Routledge.
Moore, S., & Lemons, R. (1982). Measuring reading attitudes: Three dimensions. Reading World, 22(1), 48–57. doi.org/10.1080/19388078209557678
Nagoshi, C., Cloud, J., Lindley, L., Nagoshi, J., & Lothamer, L. (2018). A Test of the three-component model of gender-based prejudices: Homophobia and transphobia are affected by raters’ and targets’ assigned sex at birth. Sex Roles, 1–10. doi.org/10.1007/s11199-018-0919-3
Odo, D. (2017). Teaching what we know: The Influence of pre-service EFL teachers’ background on L2 reading attitudes. Language Research, 53(1), 163–190. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.30961/lr.2017.53.1.163
Pfost, M., Schiefer, I., & Artelt, C. (2016). Intergenerational continuity in attitudes toward reading and reading behavior. Learning and Individual Differences, 51, 179–188. doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2016.09.002
Quartey, M. (2018). “The Great Controversy” shackles Adventist Theology. Retrieved from https://spectrummagazine.org/article/2018/05/17/%E2%80%9C-great-controversy%E2%80%9D-shackles-adventist-theology-0
Scharer, J. (2017). The role of religious fundamentalism in college students’ perceived drinking norms, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related problems. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 20(2), 188–201. doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1334044
Schnabel, L. (2016). The gender pray gap: Wage labor and the religiosity of high-earning women and men. Gender & Society, 30(4), 643–669. doi.org/10.1177/0891243216644884
Schnabel, L., Hackett, C., & McClendon, D. (2018). Where men appear more religious than women: Turning a gender lens on religion in Israel. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 57(1), 80–94. doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12498
Soto, W., Tajalli, H., Pino, N., & Smith, C. (2018). The effect of college students’ religious involvement on their academic ethic. Religion & Education, 45(2), 190–207. doi.org/10.1080/15507394.2018.1425077
Stroope, S., Franzen, A., & Uecker, J. (2015). Social context and college completion in the United States: The role of congregational biblical literalism. Sociological Perspectives, 58(1), 120–137. doi.org/10.1177/0731121414559522
Twenge, J., Sherman, R., Exline, J., & Grubbs, J. (2016). Declines in American adults’ religious participation and beliefs, 1972-2014. SAGE Open, 6(1). doi.org/10.1177/2158244016638133
Vansteelandt, I., Mol, S., Caelen, D., Landuyt, I., & Mommaerts, M. (2017). Attitude profiles explain differences in pre-service teachers’ reading behavior and competence beliefs. Learning and Individual Differences, 54, 109–115. doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.01.016
Warlick, C., Ingram, P., Multon, K., & Vuyk, M. (2017). Profiling religious fundamentalism’s associations with vocational interests. Journal of Career Development, 44(3), 266–279. 0894845316647514
White, A. (2000). Ellen White: Woman of vision. Hagerstown, MD: Review and Herald.
Wilkins-Laflamme, S. (2014). Toward religious polarization? Time effects on religious commitment in U.S., UK, and Canadian regions. Sociology of Religion, 75(2), 284–308. doi.org/10.1093/socrel/sru001
Worthington, E., Wade, N., Hight, T., Ripley, J., McCullough, M., Berry, J., … O’Conner, L. (2003). The Religious Commitment Inventory—10: Development, refinement, and validation of a brief scale for research and counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(1), 84–96.
Allport, G., & Ross, M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5(4), 432-443.
Altemeyer, B., & Hunsberger, B. (1992). Authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, quest, and prejudice. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 2(2), 113–133. doi.org/10.1207/s15327582ijpr0202_5
Applegate, A., Applegate, M., Mercantini, M., McGeehan, C., Cobb, J., DeBoy, J., … Lewinski, K. (2014). The Peter Effect revisited: Reading habits and attitudes of college students. Literacy Research and Instruction, 53(3), 188–204. doi.org/10.1080/19388071.2014.898719
Baker, B. (2018, April). Ellen White and social justice activism (Part 1). Retrieved from https://spectrummagazine.org/article/2018/04/19/ellen-white-and-social-justice-activism-part-1
Bridges, K., & Harnish, R. (2015). Gender differences in formal thinking: Their impact on right-wing authoritarianism and religious fundamentalism. Psychology, 6(13), 1676–1684. doi.org/10.4236/psych.2015.613164
Brooks, E. (1996). Attitudes toward reading in the adult learner population (Masters Theses). Kean College, New Jersey. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED393068.pdf
Carlucci, L., Tommasi, M., Balsamo, M., Furnham, A., & Saggino, A. (2015). Religious fundamentalism and psychological well-being: An Italian study. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 43(1), 23–33. doi.org/10.1177/009164711504300103
Corson, R. (2011). The problem of Progressive Adventists [Adventist Today]. Retrieved from https://atoday.org/the-problem-of-progressive-adventists/
Craig, S., Austin, A., Rashidi, M., & Adams, M. (2017). Fighting for survival: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning students in religious colleges and universities. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 29(1), 1–24. doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2016.1260512
Dar, K., & Iqbal, N. (2017). Religious commitment and well-being in college students: Examining conditional indirect effects of meaning in life. Journal of Religion and Health, 1–10. doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0538-2
Davidson, J., & Knudsen, D. (1977). A new approach to religious commitment. Sociological Focus, 10(2), 151–173. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/20831037
Davies, R. (2011, January). New Ellen White scholar shares his findings. Retrieved from https://spectrummagazine.org/article/interviews/2011/01/10/new-ellen-white-scholar-shares-his-findings
Drumm, R., Cooper, L., Seifert, M., Sedlacek, D., & McBride, D. (2017). “Love everybody, keep your mouth shut, don’t have an opinion”: Role expectations among Seventh-day Adventist pastor spouses. Social Work & Christianity, 44(3), 94–114.
Dudley, R., & Cummings, D. (1982, October). Who reads Ellen White? Ministry Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.ministrymagazine.org/archive/1982/10/who-reads-ellen-white
Dwyer, B. (2009, February). The ongoing conversation about Ellen White in Spectrum. Spectrum. Retrieved from https://spectrummagazine.org/article/bonnie-dwyer/2009/02/13/ongoing-conversation-about-ellen-white-spectrum
Ellis, L. (2017). Religious variations in fundamentalism in Malaysia and the United States: Possible relevance to religiously motivated violence. Personality and Individual Differences, 107(1), 23–27. doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.012
Ferrari, J., & Guerrero, M. (2017). Children, careers, and clergy life: Predictors of religious commitment from stressors among Catholic Deacons. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 19(4), 287–294. doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2016.1276421
Fisher, A., Castellini, G., Ristori, J., Casale, H., Giovanardi, G., Carone, N., … Maggi, M. (2017). Who has the worst attitudes toward sexual minorities? Comparison of transphobia and homophobia levels in gender dysphoric individuals, the general population and health care providers. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 40(3), 263–273. doi.org/10.1007/s40618-016-0552-3
Foo, X., Alwi, M., Ismail, S., Ibrahim, N., & Osman, Z. (2014). Religious commitment, attitudes toward suicide, and suicidal behaviors among college students of different ethnic and religious groups in Malaysia. Journal of Religion and Health, 53(3), 731–746. doi.org/10.1007/s10943-012-9667-9
General Conference of Seventh-day Adventist. (1993). Valuegenesis Study 1 Core Report. General Conference of Seventh-day Adventist. Retrieved from https://circle.adventist.org/download/VGCORERE.pdf
Haggard, M., Kaelen, R., Saroglou, V., Klein, O., & Rowatt, W. (2018). Religion’s role in the illusion of gender equality: Supraliminal and subliminal religious priming increases benevolent sexism. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. doi.org/10.1037/rel0000196
Harbaugh, E., & Lindsey, E. (2015). Attitudes toward homosexuality among young adults: Connections to gender role identity, gender-typed activities, and religiosity. Journal of Homosexuality, 62(8), 1098–1125. doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2015.1021635
Hardie, J., Pearce, L., & Denton, M. (2016). The dynamics and correlates of religious service attendance in adolescence. Youth & Society, 48(2), 151–175. doi.org/10.1177/0044118X13483777
Herriot, P. (2014). Religious Fundamentalism and Social Identity. London: Routledge.
Isakson, R., Isakson, M., Plummer, K., & Chapman, S. (2016). Development and validation of the Isakson Survey of
Academic Reading Attitudes (ISARA). Journal of College Reading and Learning, 46(2), 113–138. doi.org/10.1080/10790195.2016.1141667
Krause, N., Ironson, G., & Hill, P. (2017). Volunteer work, religious commitment, and resting pulse rates. Journal of Religion and Health, 56(2), 591–603. doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0347-z
Kunzman, R. (2010). Homeschooling and religious fundamentalism. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 3(1), 17–28.
Landor, A., & Simons, L. (2014). Why virginity pledges succeed or fail: The moderating effect of religious commitment versus religious participation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(3), 1102–1113. doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9769-3
Lee, J., & Schallert, D. (2015). Exploring the reading–writing connection: A yearlong classroom-based experimental study of middle school students developing literacy in a new language. Reading Research Quarterly, 51(2), 143–164.
Liht, J., Conway, L., Savage, S., White, W., & O’Neil, K. (2011). Religious fundamentalism: An empirically derived construct and measurement scale. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 33, 1–25. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1163/157361211X594159
Meanley, S., Pingel, E., & Bauermeister, J. (2016). Psychological well-being among religious and spiritual-identified young gay and bisexual men. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 13(1), 35–45. doi.org/10.1007/s13178-015-0199-4
Merisuo-Storm, T., & Aerila, J.-A. (2018). Boys’ and girls’ reading skills and attitudes during the first six school years. Reading Achievement and Motivation in Boys and Girls, 15, 157–181. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75948-7_9
Mirola, W., & Monahan, S. C. (2016). Religion matters: What sociology teaches us about religion in our world. New York: Routledge.
Moore, S., & Lemons, R. (1982). Measuring reading attitudes: Three dimensions. Reading World, 22(1), 48–57. doi.org/10.1080/19388078209557678
Nagoshi, C., Cloud, J., Lindley, L., Nagoshi, J., & Lothamer, L. (2018). A Test of the three-component model of gender-based prejudices: Homophobia and transphobia are affected by raters’ and targets’ assigned sex at birth. Sex Roles, 1–10. doi.org/10.1007/s11199-018-0919-3
Odo, D. (2017). Teaching what we know: The Influence of pre-service EFL teachers’ background on L2 reading attitudes. Language Research, 53(1), 163–190. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.30961/lr.2017.53.1.163
Pfost, M., Schiefer, I., & Artelt, C. (2016). Intergenerational continuity in attitudes toward reading and reading behavior. Learning and Individual Differences, 51, 179–188. doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2016.09.002
Quartey, M. (2018). “The Great Controversy” shackles Adventist Theology. Retrieved from https://spectrummagazine.org/article/2018/05/17/%E2%80%9C-great-controversy%E2%80%9D-shackles-adventist-theology-0
Scharer, J. (2017). The role of religious fundamentalism in college students’ perceived drinking norms, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related problems. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 20(2), 188–201. doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1334044
Schnabel, L. (2016). The gender pray gap: Wage labor and the religiosity of high-earning women and men. Gender & Society, 30(4), 643–669. doi.org/10.1177/0891243216644884
Schnabel, L., Hackett, C., & McClendon, D. (2018). Where men appear more religious than women: Turning a gender lens on religion in Israel. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 57(1), 80–94. doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12498
Soto, W., Tajalli, H., Pino, N., & Smith, C. (2018). The effect of college students’ religious involvement on their academic ethic. Religion & Education, 45(2), 190–207. doi.org/10.1080/15507394.2018.1425077
Stroope, S., Franzen, A., & Uecker, J. (2015). Social context and college completion in the United States: The role of congregational biblical literalism. Sociological Perspectives, 58(1), 120–137. doi.org/10.1177/0731121414559522
Twenge, J., Sherman, R., Exline, J., & Grubbs, J. (2016). Declines in American adults’ religious participation and beliefs, 1972-2014. SAGE Open, 6(1). doi.org/10.1177/2158244016638133
Vansteelandt, I., Mol, S., Caelen, D., Landuyt, I., & Mommaerts, M. (2017). Attitude profiles explain differences in pre-service teachers’ reading behavior and competence beliefs. Learning and Individual Differences, 54, 109–115. doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.01.016
Warlick, C., Ingram, P., Multon, K., & Vuyk, M. (2017). Profiling religious fundamentalism’s associations with vocational interests. Journal of Career Development, 44(3), 266–279. 0894845316647514
White, A. (2000). Ellen White: Woman of vision. Hagerstown, MD: Review and Herald.
Wilkins-Laflamme, S. (2014). Toward religious polarization? Time effects on religious commitment in U.S., UK, and Canadian regions. Sociology of Religion, 75(2), 284–308. doi.org/10.1093/socrel/sru001
Worthington, E., Wade, N., Hight, T., Ripley, J., McCullough, M., Berry, J., … O’Conner, L. (2003). The Religious Commitment Inventory—10: Development, refinement, and validation of a brief scale for research and counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(1), 84–96.