The Effect of Good Corporate Governance, Size of Firm, and Leverage on Financial Performance of Listed Property and Real Estate Companies in Indonesia

Main Article Content

Tonny Irianto Soewignyo
Hillary Mamesah
Michelle Ticoalu

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of financial performance of Indonesian property and real estate companies listed on the country’s Stock Exchange. The effects of good corporate governance, firm size, and leverage were examined (135 observations) during the period from 2015 to 2019. The research method used included a causal quantitative approach and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the size of the audit committee had a significant negative effect on the company's financial performance; no other factor investigated exerted significant effects. Indonesian companies might consider minimizing the number of audit committee members in order to realize higher profits.

Article Details

Section
Research Articles

References

Abbott, J., Lawrence & Presley, J., Theresa. (2012). Female board presence and the likelihood of finance restatement. Accounting Horizons, 26(4), 607–629. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch-50249

Andriani, W., Sukartini, & Meuthia, R. F. (2012). Pengaruh kompentensi dan independensi dewan komisaris terhadap pelaksanaan good corporate governance [The influence of the competence and independence of the board of commissioners on implementation of good corporate governance]. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Manajemen, 2(2), 33–46. https://scholar.google.co.id/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user= GsQF5N0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=GsQF5N0AAAAJ:d1gkVwhDpl0C

Aprianingsih, A., & Yushita, A. N. (2016). Pengaruh penerapan good corporate governance, struktur kepemilikan, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap kinerja keuangan perbankan [Influence of the competence and independence of the board of commissioners on implementation of good corporate governance]. Jurnal Profita, 4(4). http://journalstudent.uny.ac.id/ojs/ojs/index.php/profita/article/view/ 5631/0

Ararat, M., Black, B. S., & Yurtoglu, B. B. (2017). The effect of corporate governance on firm value and profitability: Time-series evidence from Turkey. Emerging Markets Review, 30(C), 113–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2016.10.001

Arifin, Z. (2005). Teori keuangan dan pasar modal [Finance and capital market theory]. Ekonosia.

Asimakopoulos, I., Samitas, A., & Papadogonas, T. (2009). Firm-specific and economy wide determinants of firm profitability. Managerial Finance, 35(11), 930–939. https://doi.org/10.1108/03074350910993818

Atmaja, Y. W., Riswan, & Tohir. (2015). Analisis pengaruh good corporate governance, ukuran perusahaan, dan leverage terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan sektor perbankan [Analysis of the influence of good corporate governance, firm size, and leverage on the financial performance of companies in the banking sector]. Journal &

Proceeding FEB Unsoed, 21(1), 1–15. http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/performance/article/view/877/658

Azis, A., & Hartono, U. (2017). Pengaruh good corporate governance, struktur ,modal dan leverage terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan pada sektor pertambangan yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia tahun 2011-2015 [The influence of good corporate governance, structure, capital and leverage on the financial performance of mining sector companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2011-2015]. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 5(3), 1–13. https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jim/article/view/20396

Batubara, R. A., Topowijoyo, & Zahroh, A. Z. (2017). Pengaruh struktur aktiva, ukuran perusahaan, dan profitabilitas terhadap struktur modal [Effect of asset structure, firm size, and profitability on capital structure]. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 50(4). http://administrasibisnis. studentjournal.ub.ac.id

Benhart, S. W., & Rosenstein, S. (1998). Board compotition, managerial ownership, and firm performance: An emperical analysis. Financial Review, 33(4), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.1998.tb01393.x

Brigham, E., & Houston, F. J. (2001). Manajemen keuangan II [Financial management II]. Salemba Empat.

Chandra, T. (2014). Faktor-Faktor yang mempengaruhi struktur modal pada perusahaan properti dan real estate di Indonesia [Factors that affect the capital structure of property and real estate companies in Indonesia]. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan, 18(4), 507–523. https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2014. v18.i4.104

Darsono, & Azhari. (2005). Pedoman praktis memahami laporan keuangan [Practical guidelines for understanding financial statements]. Andi.

Detthamrong, U., Chancharat, N., & Vithessonthi, C. (2017). Corporate governance, capital structure, and firm performance: Evidence from Thailand. Research in International Business and Finance, 42(C), 689–709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.011

Dewayanto, T. (2010). Pengaruh mekanisme corporate governance terhadap kinerja perbankan nasional (studi pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di bei periode 2006-2008) [The effect of corporate governance mechanisms on national banking performance (Study of banking companies listed on Stock Exchange for the period from 2006-2008)]. Fokus Ekonomi, 5(2), 104–123. https://ejournal.stiepena.ac.id/ index.php/ fe/article/viewFile/62/59

Dolores, M. C., & Tongco, C. (2007). Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection. Journal of Plans, People, and Applied Research, 5. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/227

Fadillah, A. R. (2017). Analisis pengaruh dewan komisaris independen, kepemilikan manajerial dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap kinerja perusahaan yang terdaftar di LQ45 [Analysis of the influence of independent commissioners, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership on the performance of companies listed in LQ45]. Jurnal Akuntansi, 12(1), 37–52. http://jurnal.unsil.ac.id/index.php/jak

Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983). Separation of ownership and control. Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 301–325. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.94034

Farinda, Y. N., Prasetyo, Y., & Herwiyanti, E. (2010). Pengaruh penerapan corporate governance terhadap timbulnya earnings management dalam menilai kinerja keuangan pada perusahaan perbankan di Indonesia [The effect of implementing corporate governance on earnings management in assessing the financial performance of banking companies in Indonesia]. Jurnal Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 12(2), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.34208/jba.v12i2.186

Friedman, M. (1970, Sept 13). The social responsibilty of business is to increase its profits. The New York Times Magazine, 122–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70818-6_14

Gill, A., & Obradovich, J. (2012). The impact of corporate governance and financial leverage on the value of American firms. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics(91), 47–56. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261136199_The_Impact_of_Corporate_Governance_and_Financial_Leverage_on_the_Value_of_American_Firms

Gitusudarno, A. I., & Basri. (2008). Manajemen Keuangan [Financial management]. BPFE

Gusliana, M., & Fadlan, N. (2017). Pengaruh good corporate governance, ukuran perusahaan, dan leverge terhadap integritas laporan keuangan [The influence of good corporate governance, company size, and leverage on the integrity of financial statements]. Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 6(2), 907–912. https://doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v6i2.02

Gusnandi, & Pratiwi, B. (2018). Analisis pengaruh karakteristik perusahaan dan penerapan good corporate governance terhadap tindakan perataan laba yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan yang terdaftar di bursa efek jakarta [Analysis of the effects of company characteristics and the application of good corporate governance on income smoothing actions carried out by companies listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange]. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 20(2), 93–180. http://e-journal.uajy.ac.id/id/eprint/8426

Hartono, H., Luhur, W., Sasmoko, Setiadi, N., & Azis, A. (2019). Gender stereotype role in the business success of women entrepreneurs in Indonesia. International Journal of Organizational Business Excellence, 2(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.21512/ijobex.v2i1.7149

Higgins, R. C. (2004). Analysis financial management. McGraw Hill.

Hillman, A. J., Cannella, A. A., & Paetzold, R. L. (2000). The resource dependence role of corporate directors: Strategic adaptation of board composition in response to environmental change. Journal of Management Studies, 37(2), 235–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00179

Irma, A. (2019). Pengaruh komisaris, komite audit, struktur kepemilikan, size dan leverage terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan properti, perumahan dan konstruksi 2013-2017 [The effect of commissioners, audit committees, ownership structure, size and leverage on the financial performance of property, housing and construction companies from 2013-2017]. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 7(3). https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa. ac.id/index.php/jim/article/view/28953

Jensen, C. M. (2000). Theory of the firm: Governance, residual claims and organizational forms. Harvard University Press. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1791761

Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency cost and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X

Kusumastuti, S., Supatmi, S., & Sastra, P. (2007). Pengaruh board diversity terhadap nilai perusahaan dalam perspektif corporate governance [The effect of board diversity on firm value from the perspective of corporate governance]. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 9(2), 88–98. https://jurnalakuntansi.petra.ac.id/ index.php/aku/article/view/16819

Luckieta, M., Amran, A., & Purnama, A. D. (2021). Pengaruh DAR dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap ROA perusahaan yang terdaftar di LQ45 pada BEI [The effect of DAR and firm size on the ROA of companies listed in the LQ45 on the BEI]. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 19(1), 1–21. http://ejournal.bsi.ac.id/ ejurnal/index.php/perspektif

Munawir, S. (2007). Analisa laporan keuangan edisi keempat [Financial statement analysis fourth edition]. Liberty.

Myers, S. C. (1984). The capital structure puzzle. Journal of Finance, 39(3), 575–592. https://doi.org/10.2307/2327916

Nasib, & Azzahra, A. S. (2019). Pengaruh firm size dan leverage ratio terhadap kinerja keuangan pada perusahaan pertambangan [The effect of firm size and leverage ratios on the financial performance of mining companies]. Jurnal Wira Ekonomi Miroskil, 9(1), 13–20. https://www.mikroskil.ac.id/ejurnal/ index.php/jwem/article/view/588

Noviawan, R. A., & Septiani, A. (2013). Pengaruh mekanisme corporate governance dan struktur kepemilikan terhadap kinerja keuangan [Effects of corporate governance mechanisms and ownership structure on financial performance]. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 2(3), 744–753. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/ index.php/accounting/article/view/3464

Nugroho, F. A., & Raharjo, S. N. (2014). Analisis pengaruh corporate social responsibility dan karakteristik good corporate governance terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan [Analysis of the influence of corporate social responsibility and the characteristics of good corporate governance on company financial performance]. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 3(2), 477–486.

Nurcahya, A. S., Wahyuni, E. D., & Setyawan, S. (2014). Pengaruh good corporate governance, ukuran perusahaan dan leverage terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan [The effect of good corporate governance, firm size and leverage on company financial performance]. Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 4(1), 579–588. https://doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v4i1.4931

Nuswandari, C. (2009). Pengaruh corporate governance index terhadap kinerja perusahaan pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di bursa efek Jakarta [The influence of the corporate governance index on company performance in companies listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange]. Jurnal Bisnis dan Ekonomi (JBE), 16(2), 70–84. https://www.unisbank.ac.id/ojs/index.php/fe3/article/view/316

Octosiva, F., Theresia, M., & Hidayat, A. (2018). Pengaruh independensi, kompetensi dan partisipasi dewan komisaris terhadap kinerja keuangan [The effect of independence, competence and participation of the board of commissioners on financial performance]. Studi Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia, 1(2), 158–203. https://doi.org/10.21632/saki.1.2.158-203

OJK. (2014, February 4). OJK launches the Indonesian corporate governance roadmap (Press release). Otoritas Jasa Keuangan: https://www.ojk.go.id/en/berita-dan-kegiatan/siaran-pers/Pages/press release-ojk-launches-the-indonesian-corporate-governance-roadmap-aspx

Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (2003). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. Stanford University Press.

Pramono, J. (2014). Analisis rasio keuangan untuk menilai kinerja keuangan pemerintah daerah [Financial ratio analysis to assess local government financial performance]. Among Makarti 7(13), 83–112. https://jurnal.stieama.ac.id/index.php/ama/article/view/97/80

Pratiwi, A. D. (2018). Pengaruh good corporate governance dan kepemilikan manajerial terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan perbankan di BEI [The influence of good corporate governance and managerial ownership on the financial performance of banking companies in the BEI]. Jurnal Ilmu dan Riset Manajemen, 7(3). https://repository.stiesia. ac.id/id/eprint/552/

Priyono. (2016). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Zifatama Publishing.

Raber, R. W. (2003). The role of good corporate governance in overseeing risks. The Corporate Governance Adviser, 11(2), 11–16.

Rahardja, P. P. (2014). Pengaruh ukuran dewan direksi dan dewan komisaris serta ukuran perusahaan terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan [The effect of the size of the board of directors and the board of commissioners and company size on financial performance]. Diponegoro Journal Of Accounting, 3(3), 1–7. http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/accounting

Rahmawati, I. A., Rikumahu, B., & Dillak, V. J. (2017). Pengaruh dewan direksi, dewan komisaris, komite audit dan corporate social responsibility terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan [Influence of board of directors, board of commissioners, audit committee, and corporate social responsibility on company financial performance]. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Ekonomi, 2(2). https://ojs.unpkediri.ac.id/index.php/akuntansi

Ramdhonah, Z., Solikin, I., & Sari, M. (2019). Pengaruh struktur modal, ukuran perusahaan, pertumbuhan, dan profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan (Studi empiris pada perusahaan sektor pertambangan yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia tahun 2011-2017) Effects of capital structure, firm size, growth, and profitability on firm value (An empirical study of mining sector companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2011-2017)]. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 7(1), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.17509/ jrak.v7i1.15117

Rifai, B. (2009). Peran komisaris independen dalam mewujudkan good corporate governance di perusahaan publik [The role of independent commissioners in realizing good corporate governance in public companies]. Jurnal Hukum, 16(3), 396–412. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol16.iss3.art5

Robbins, S. P. (2007). Perilaku organisasi [Organizational behavior] (10 ed.). PT Macanan Jaya Cermelang.

Rosenstein, S., & Wyatt, J. G. (1990). Outside directors, board independence and shareholders wealth. Journal of Financial Economics, 26(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(90)90002-H

Saifi, M. (2019). Pengaruh good corporate governance dan struktur kepemilikan terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan [The influence of good corporate governance and ownership structure on company financial performance]. Jurnal Profit, 13(2), 1–11.

Sanjaya, S., & Rizky, M. F. (2018). Analisis profitabilitas dalam menilai kinerja keuangan pada PT. Taspen (Persero) Medan [Profitability analysis in assessing financial performance at PT]. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Syariah, 2 (2), 277–293.http://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/JAKS/article/view/4152

Sarafina, S., & Saifi, M. (2017). Pengaruh good corporate governance terhadap kinerja keuangan dan nilai perusahaan [The effect of good corporate governance on financial performance and firm value]. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 50(3). http://administrasibisnis.studentjournal.ub.ac.id/index.php/jab/article/view/ 2012

Sari, R. (2019). Moderasi jumlah komite audit atas pengaruh pengungkapan corporate social responsibility terhadap nilai perusahaan. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Global Masa Kini, 10(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.36982/ jiegmk.v10i2.848

Sartono, R. A. (1997). Manajemen keuangan teori dan aplikasi. BPFE.

Soewignyo, T. I. (2009). Analysis of the effect of profitability, asset growth and company size to the capital structure of property and real estate companies. Journal of Business and Economy, 12(1), 119–126.

Sukandar, P. P., & Rahardja. (2014). Pengaruh ukuran dewan direksi dan dewan komisaris serta ukuran perusahaan terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan [The effect of the size of the board of directors and the board of commissioners and company size on financial performance]. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 3(3), 1–7.

Wahyuningtyas, E. T. (2014). Pengaruh rasio leverage, rasio intensitas modal dan pangsa pasar terhadap kinerja keuangan (Studi kasus perusahaan tambang di BEI) [Effects of leverage ratio, capital intensity ratio, and market share on financial performance (A case study of mining companies in the BEI)]. e-Jurnal Kewirausahaan, 2(1). http://widyakartika.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/Kewirausahaan/article/view/52

Widyati, M. F. (2013). Pengaruh dewan direksi, komisaris independen, komite audit, kepemilikan manajerial dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap kinerja keuangan [The influence of the board of directors, independent commissioners, audit committee, managerial ownership and institutional ownership on financial performance]. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 1(1), 234–249. https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/ index.php/jim/article/view/1509

Yunizar, R. I., & Rahardjo, S. N. (2014). Pengaruh mekanisme corporate governance dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan [The influence of corporate governance mechanisms and company size on a company's financial performance]. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 3, 1–10.