Exploring the Challenges and Coping Strategies Among Women Survivors of Super Typhoon Rai in Cebu, Philippines: A Phenomenological Study

Abstract

Abstract

Aim/Purpose: This study explores the challenges encountered and coping strategies employed by women survivors of Super Typhoon Rai in Cebu, Philippines, aiming to shed light on their lived experiences and resilience.

Introduction/Background: Disasters, influenced by both regional and global factors, cause widespread destruction, economic disruption, and profound psychological and social impacts, particularly among women. Although disasters do not choose their victims, women are often more vulnerable during these events, yet their experiences and roles are frequently overlooked. Given the growing number of typhoons in the Philippines, more studies are needed to examine how individuals cope with their lives following each storm. In particular, exploring the experiences of women after disasters is essential, as it can provide valuable insights into their unique vulnerabilities and resilience. These factors have led to this study, which explored the lives of the victims of Typhoon Rai. Additionally, how participants managed to rebuild their lives after the typhoon was investigated.

Methodology: A qualitative approach–specifically hermeneutic phenomenology–was adopted in this study to explore the lived experiences among women when facing disaster, particularly typhoons, and their efforts to rebuild after the disaster. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with ten women, five from a rural area and five from an urban area, all of whom had experienced this disaster. Purposive sampling was used to select them based on specific criteria related to their experiences. Semi-structured interviews were the primary method of data collection. Thematic analysis was then applied to identify key themes and produce a coherent report. The focus of the study was participants' perspectives, highlighting the emotional, psychological, and practical aspects of their recovery. To ensure validity of the findings, the data was reviewed by a content analyst, and the participants were invited to validate the results.

Findings: The challenges and coping strategies of Typhoon Rai survivors were examined, focusing on the disaster's aftermath and recovery. Key challenges included social chain disruptions of basic services such as food, water, and shelter, as well as psychological distress, and social fragmentation. Ineffective government disaster response exacerbated logistical challenges, while mental health struggles such as trauma and anxiety were widespread. Social fragmentation hindered recovery, as feelings of isolation and lack of community support prolonged the rebuilding process. In this regard, women survivors reported various coping strategies, with faith-based coping being central to emotional stability and hope. Cultivating an optimistic mindset, emotional catharsis through sharing struggles, and social support networks also played crucial roles in recovery. The study highlights the need for better disaster response systems, equitable resource distribution, and mental health support. Strengthening community bonds and promoting coping strategies like spirituality, optimism, and social support are essential for comprehensive recovery and disaster preparedness.

Contribution/Impact on Society: This study provides new insights into the importance of comprehensive disaster management that addresses not only physical needs, but also psychological well-being, as well as gender-sensitive disaster management and recovery initiatives. This work addresses gaps in the existing literature and offers innovative perspectives that can stimulate further inquiry and discussion. This research may serve as a valuable resource for scholars and practitioners alike, and spark meaningful dialogue within the academic community.

Recommendations: A multi-pronged approach is essential to support recovery efforts, starting with immediate interventions such as stress debriefing sessions and the mobilization of mental health professionals to provide psychological aid. Local government units must streamline disaster response systems to ensure the timely delivery of resources and financial assistance, with training for government workers to address the psychological needs of survivors for a compassionate response. Faith-based practices, such as prayer, meditation, and religious community involvement, can offer survivors emotional stability and resilience during difficult times. Cultivating an optimistic mindset is also crucial, as focusing on hope and small victories can foster perseverance. Emotional catharsis, allowing individuals to express their emotions, is important for relieving stress and promoting healing. Lastly, social support from family, friends, and the community plays a pivotal role, providing a sense of belonging and encouragement. By integrating these strategies, communities can build resilience and a stronger foundation for recovery.

Research Limitation: The study's use of phenomenology, while effective for capturing personal experiences, limited the ability to make broad generalizations, as the findings were subjective and context-specific. With a small sample size of ten women, the study may not fully represent the broader population of Typhoon Rai survivors, and overlooks the experiences of men or other marginalized groups. Moreover, it was conducted in two areas of Cebu; thus, the findings may not reflect the diverse perspectives of other regions or countries affected by similar disasters. External factors, such as the ongoing recovery process and government responses, may have also influenced the findings, and participants’ emotional states during their interviews may have impacted their responses.

Future Research: Future research could employ a broader focus to include men or LGBTQ+ individuals, as these groups may encounter distinct challenges during disaster recovery. While the study highlights women's experiences, it's crucial to explore how gender and sexual orientation affect coping strategies and recovery for other marginalized groups. Men may struggle with cultural expectations around masculinity, hindering their ability to express vulnerability or seek help. LGBTQ+ individuals may face discrimination, social stigma, or exclusion from support networks, potentially leading to heightened psychological distress during recovery.