Discourse of Violence in Lanna Folktales

Abstract

            The study entitled, “Discourse of Violence in Lanna Folktales” aimed to 1) analyze violence appeared in Lanna folktales; and 2) analyze violence forming process in Lanna folktales. The data was 740 stories of Lanna folktales analyzed by using Critical Discourse Analysis: CDA, violence theory, binary opposition, sense of humor for analyzing, synthesizing, interpreting, and describing data.

            The results revealed that there were two characteristics of violence in Lanna folktales. These were single violence and complex violence. Based on single violence, it included 1) Direct Violence, found the most in physical violence, followed by mental violence, hate speech violence, property violence, sexual violence, respectively; 2) Structural Violence, found the most in educational structure, followed by sexual structure, career/position structure, respectively; and 3) Cultural Violence, found the most in sexual culture, followed by language culture, belief culture, eating culture. According to complex violence, there were 1) cultural violence affecting direct violence; 2) structural violence affecting direct violence; and 3) cultural violence affecting structural violence continuing to affect direct violence.

            In addition, there were five violence forming processes found in Lanna folktales. These included 1) marginalization; 2) human dignity devaluation; 3) increase and decrease of identity; 4) commodification; and 5) righteousness.