线上对外汉语课堂沉默因素探究——以泰国线上汉语课堂为例
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摘要
本文基于沉默螺旋理论、跨文化交际理论和情感过滤假说理论,同时选取了《课堂沉默 量表》共有四个分量表,利他性、自我性、谨慎性和习惯性,课堂参与度中外部因素中的教师、学校班级以及网络设备三个维度,内部因素中的个人性格和兴趣爱好的两个维度,通过对教学视频、真实线上课堂的观察分析、发放问卷,结合对学生、中文教师的访谈记录,综合分析对外汉语线上课堂中的沉默问题。
基于课堂观察的现状调查,结合调查问卷与访谈,深入探究影响泰国在线汉语课堂学生沉默行为产生的原因。教师因素包括教师授课方式、提问方式、话题选择、课堂交际语言的选择、教师反馈方式、教学风格。学生学习方面包括学习动机、性格、学习自信心以及从众心理。课堂 环境方面包括在线平台环境与课堂氛围方面。
据此,从三方面提出了消极策略。教师教学方面:树立新型教学理念、优化传统授课 方式,合理利用现代化技术手段优化教学内容、增强线上教学能力,注重教师提问技巧性,给予学生正面有效反馈、提升互动语言质量、开辟多向互动通道、改进示范课件等。学生方面,强化学习融合型动机,夯实学生语言基础知识,帮助学生找到正确的学习方法,多给予正面评价鼓励学生树立自信心,消除学生自卑心理。在线课堂环境方面,建设新型教学平台、联合使用多种平台、减少线上班级人数,保证网络稳定、为学生营造和谐心理交流环境。增强学生课堂参与的动机,激发其表达欲望,消除课堂焦虑感,使他们可以主动参加到线上课堂教学组织活动中。
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Chinese Journal of Social Science and Management Editorial Division
The Office of Research and Development, Panyapiwat Institute of Management
85/1 Moo 2, Chaengwattana Rd., Bang Talat, Pakkred, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand
Tel. 02 855 01048 E-mail: cjssm@pim.ac.th
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