基于等级大纲与 HSK 考试的汉语成语研究及教学策略
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摘要
汉语成语是汉语词汇的重要组成部分，但目前在成语教学、测试与成语教材编写方面仍存在问题。《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》的发布对成语的习得、教学与教材编写提出了新的要求。本文通过对《新汉语水平考试大纲》、HSK 6 级考试、《等级标准》中的成语进行对比研究，力图从成语数量和内容的变化，得出汉语成语习得要求的发展趋势。研究发现无论是《水平大纲》还是《等级标准》成语的意义都主要集中在 “人” 与 “事” 两大类，“心理、言行、物品、喻事” 四个次类的成语数量均明显多于其他。但《等级标准》在 “质” 与 “量” 两个方面对汉语学习者汉语水平提出了更高的要求。同时，目前的 HSK 6 级考试中存在超纲成语较多的问题。针对上述问题，我们提出了以下教学策略：（一）由点及面、着重意义，全面开展成语教与学；（二）以《等级标准》中词汇等级为依据，跨等级学习与考察测试成语；（三）加强汉语语素教学，增强学生成语分析与记忆能力；（四）融合性创新性地进行教材编写。
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Chinese Journal of Social Science and Management Editorial Division
The Office of Research and Development, Panyapiwat Institute of Management
85/1 Moo 2, Chaengwattana Rd., Bang Talat, Pakkred, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand
Tel. 02 855 01048 E-mail: cjssm@pim.ac.th
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