Management, Prevention and Control of Risks of Damage That May Occur in Bagged Rice in Sea Transportation

Abstract

Maritime transportation plays an important role in Thailand's international trade, particularly for the export of bagged rice, destined for various continents, including Africa, for which the transit time probably takes months. Consequently, the ship's master must leverage their knowledge and expertise to mitigate the potential risks of cargo damage, along with ensuring that the goods remain in pristine condition through the entirety of the sea voyage until they are discharged and delivered at the destination port. Nevertheless, maritime transport is at risk of facing inclement weather, air humidity and sea water temperature which significantly impact the integrity of the cargo. In light of these potential threats, diligent management and control are to be dedicated to prevent cargo damage through high efforts. Upon the first author's extensive experience as a former ship's master, this article aims to provide carriers with comprehensive guidelines aimed at both preventing and resolving issues that may arise in the transportation, namely, the preparation of the holds, ventilation fans and supporting materials, as well as the correct arrangement of goods that allow air to circulate evenly and ventilate properly. In addition, the vessel must do maintenance on the tools and equipment used for loading and unloading cargo to work efficiently, including making a letter of protest or make a report to protect the vessel owner in order to prevent claims from the consignee.