บทบาทของนักผังเมืองกับการมีส่วนร่วมในกระบวนการวางผังของผู้มีส่วนได้ส่วนเสีย

บทคัดย่อ

This paper addresses the competitive role of urban planner and stakeholder involvement in the urban planning process. In doing so, this paper presents that the significance and level of stakeholder involvement in the planning process are majorly determined by the planner and the nature of the planning model being taken. During physical and design-based view, as an absolute centralized regime, the professional planner could best know what sorts of unfit or fit physical environments for the living of people. As result, no stakeholder involvement was addressed in the planning process. On the other hand, since the early 1960s, community participation and stakeholder involvement were first noticed in the systems and rational process views of planning. Though the urban planners also played a key role as a helmsman of the growing multitude of parties, the planners were acknowledged as the objective policy analyst and professional planners. With the dominant view of the professional planner, the stakeholder involvement was acknowledged as tokenism level since stakeholder was consulted rather than involved in the process of decision-making. From the 1970s onwards, the growth of bottom-up, people-led participatory development together with the integration of social, economic and environmental issues in the planning forced the planners to involve and encourage all stakeholders with broadening the range of actors to participate in decision-making in processes of urban planning. Accordingly, the stakeholders have more opportunities to take parts in co-designing, co-decision-making, and even decision-making. At the same time, the planners have turned themselves from profession planners to decentralized planners such as political arbiters between different interests. Currently, the planners are required to have their own professional skill and other additional skills such as communicative, negotiate, facilitating skill etc. for coping with the movement of stakeholder involvement in the planning process. The paper thus contributes to the need for additional roles of urban planners in terms of the contemporaneous complex decision-making in relation to stakeholder involvement in the planning process.