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The Xi'er He Map at the end of The Illustrated History of Nanzhao is one of the earliest visual records of how Bai communities around Erhai understood water and spiritual power. The map combines the lake, spatial directions, and water-deity figures, turning ideas about water, the water system and spatial order into a visible form. This study reads the map as a visual text and focuses on its main symbols: snakes, fish, and conch shells. The interpretation draws on the scroll's text and on Bai myths from the Erhai region. The analysis identifies a symbolic system in which snakes act as protectors of boundaries; fish represent growth and abundance and conch shells mark stability and order. These symbols show how Bai people linked water, life, and community. The study also highlights the use of visual texts to understand water culture, as images can carry memory and identity, and suggests that future work may compare this map with Naga imagery in the Mekong Basin to explore shared patterns in regional water beliefs.
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ต้นฉบับที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ในวารสารศิลปกรรมบูรพา (Burapha Arts Journal) คณะศิลปกรรมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยบูรพา ถือเป็นกรรมสิทธิ์ของมหาวิทยาลัยบูรพา ห้ามนำข้อความทั้งหมดหรือบางส่วนไปพิมพ์ซ้ำเว้นเสียแต่ว่าจะได้รับอนุญาตจากมหาวิทยาลัยฯ เป็นลายลักษณ์อักษร
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