How Teacher Orchestrate Argumentation Process in Students’ Questionings during Whole-class Discussion and Comparison in Classroom Using Thailand Lesson Study incorporated Open Approach (TLSOA)

Abstract

This research aims to 1) analyze the argumentation of students arising from students' questioning and 2) study teachers' orchestration in students' argumentation from students' questioning during whole-class discussion and comparison in the classroom using Lesson Study incorporated Open Approach. This research is a qualitative study utilizing the TLSOA Model framework. The target group consists of first-grade elementary school students in a school implementing the TLSOA Model in the academic year 2023. Research tools include 10 lesson plans, video and image recordings, students’ works, and classroom protocols. Researchers analyze classroom data from protocol analysis and content analysis, presenting the analysis results through descriptive analysis. The research findings in classrooms using TLSOA revealed the following regarding 1) the argumentation generated from students' questioning as the following characteristics: 1.1) Datum - Presenting data for argumentation through questioning involves presenting information or evidence that students observe from the other work, by asking argumentative questions that reveal the questioner's awareness of the problem and provide their argumentative conclusions.   1.2) Warrants - Confirming the warrants of the questioning is explaining the methods or students' ideas to find reasons supporting the questioner's argument or confirming ideas through counter-arguments from the questioned party. 1.3) Claim - Summarizing the claims of the questioning is arriving at conclusions derived from the students' ideas, which may come from the questioner or other students to reason until an acceptable conclusion is reached. 2) Teacher orchestration in students' argumentation from students' questioning facilitating debate discussions from students' questions during whole-class discussion and comparison in the classroom using TLSOA Model consisting of: 2.1) Writing students' questions and their answers during arguments on the board. 2.2) Revoicing by rephrasing students' questions and asking students to reflect on their hearing and recognizing from peers' questions. 2.3) Asking students to observe and explain similarities and differences ideas to use as conclusions for those occurred arguments. 2.4) Providing students who ask questions an opportunity to respond to their questions or present their ideas for exchange with others.