แนวทางการส่งเสริมความสามารถด้านการสอนเชิงสร้างสรรค์ของครูปฐมวัยในยุคโลกที่ผันผวน

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วาทินี บรรจง
ศศิลักษณ์ ขยันกิจ
กนิษฐ์ ศรีเคลือบ

บทคัดย่อ

การสอนเชิงสร้างสรรค์ควรถูกกำหนดให้เป็นทักษะจำเป็นสำหรับครูปฐมวัยเพื่อเตรียมพร้อมรับมือกับการเปลี่ยนแปลงอย่างรวดเร็วของโลกยุคใหม่ การสอนเชิงสร้างสรรค์เป็นความสามารถด้านการออกแบบการเรียนรู้ที่อาศัยความรู้ด้านการสอนและทักษะการคิดสร้างสรรค์ งานวิจัยเกี่ยวกับการพัฒนาครูปฐมวัย พบว่า ครูมีแนวโน้มออกแบบและจัดการกิจกรรมภายในชั้นเรียนตามความเคยชินและประสบการณ์เดิมของตนเองซึ่งไม่สามารถตอบสนองต่อความของเด็กที่แตกต่างได้ ดังนั้น รูปแบบการอบรมครูจึงจำเป็นต้องสร้างให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงของครูจากภายในเพื่อให้ครูกล้าเสี่ยงออกจากแนวทางปฏิบัติที่คุ้นชิน บทความฉบับนี้นำเสนอประเด็นหลัก 4 เรื่อง ได้แก่ (1) นิยามของการสอนเชิงสร้างสรรค์ ทักษะของครูด้านการออกแบบการเรียนรู้อย่างสร้างสรรค์ที่ตอบสนองต่อความต้องการเพื่อให้เด็กเกิดแรงจูงใจในการเรียนรู้ (2) ปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อการสอนเชิงสร้างสรรค์ ทั้งปัจจัยภายในหรือประสบการณ์เดิมที่ส่งผลต่อความคิดและทัศนคติ และปัจจัยภายนอกหรือสภาพแวดล้อมรอบตัวที่ส่งเสริมให้เกิดการสร้างสรรค์ (3) แนวคิดการพัฒนาการสอนเชิงสร้างสรรค์ ได้แก่ การคิดออกแบบ การคิดไตร่ตรอง และการชี้แนะที่เน้นความแตกต่าง และ (4) ลักษณะสำคัญในการสร้างรูปแบบการอบรมครู ประกอบด้วย รูปแบบการอบรมพื้นฐานเพื่อการพัฒนาอย่างยั่งยืนและการอบรมที่ส่งเสริมทั้งด้านทักษะและทัศนคติเกี่ยวกับการสร้างสรรค์ของครู

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