FROM LITERATURE TO OPERA : CARMEN

Abstract

In France, during the 19th century literature became a great source of inspiration for new operas, which in turn, brought more fame to the literature than the original source itself. Georges Bizet’s famous opera Carmen was adapted from a short novel written by Prosper Mérimée. By studying the original form as a short novel, to its transformation into opera lyrics, and to the unique collaborative work between the opera lyricists and composer, this paper explores the distinctions between written literature and its counter form as a performing art. Analysis of plot structure, narration method and portrayal character in character in both forms indicates that there were specific demands from the unique nature of each form. It was necessary that the lyricists for Carmen (Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy) had a thorough understanding of the uniqueness, advantages and limitations between a novel and a performing script. In addition to keeping the integrity of the original work, the lyricists needed to take the work of the music composer into consideration. Consequently, they needed to be flexible and be aware of how their lyrics would fit the melody, mood, and rhythm of the operatic composition. This paper also explores the composer’s contribution to the lyrics when it was necessary. Bizet proved that he could adapt or rewrite the lyrics to fit his composition without destroying the original meanings. The result of the genuinely collaborative efforts is this world-class masterpiece, Carmen.