Conspectus of Roman Emperor’s Portraiture and the Case of the Nerva-Antonine Dynasty
Keywords:
Emperor, Roman Empire, Portrait, SculptureAbstract
This article studied the process of creating portraits of Roman emperors, especially those of the Nerva-Antonine dynasty and the case of Lucius Verus. The author focused on three points as follows: 1. the idea behind the emperor’s portrait, starting from the first Roman emperor, Augustus, with his typical fringes and his beardless appearance which refers to the new era, to Constantine’s portrait where the realistic aspect was excluded due to the evolution of the portrait itself and the different politico-religious context of the 3rd century; 2. The interesting representations of Roman rulers during the Nerva-Antonin dynasty commencing with the appropriation of Augustus’ hairstyle and his young face, which then developed into the Greek style with a beard and curly hair, while the expression from the eyes was clearly shown too; 3. the case of Lucius Verus, emperor of the Nerva-Antonin dynasty, by focusing on an analysis of artwork number 1170, currently in the Louvre Museum, then comparing it with other portraits of him, as well as the one of his co-emperors, Marcus Aurelius, carved during the same period.
References
Balty J.-Ch., 1996. “Dietrich Boschung, Die Bildnisse des Augustus.” L’antiquité classique 65: 580-581.
Baratte F., 1983. “Les portraits impériaux de Markouna et la sculpture officielle dans l’Afrique romaine.” Mélanges de l’École française de Rome. Antiquité 95 (2): 785-815.
Baratte F., 2011. Histoire de l’art antique : L’art romain. Paris: RMN.
Beard M., & Henderson J., 2001. Classical Art From Greece to Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Collins A. W., 2009. “The palace revolution: The assassination of Domitian and the accession of Nerva.” Phoenix 63 (1/2): 73-106.
Cornwell H., 2017. Pax and the Politics of Peace: Republic to Principate. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
De Bruyn G., 2016. “À propos du groupe statuaire imperial du theater de Bulla Regia. L’apport de la documentation épigraphique à l’analyse iconographique.” Kentron 32: 85-112.
De Grummond N., 1990. “Pax Augusta and the Horae on the Ara Pacis Augustae.” American Journal of Archaeology 94(4): 663-677.
De Kersauson K., 1996. Catalogue des portraits romains Tome 2. Paris: RMN.
Dodd C. H., 1911. “Chronology of the Eastern campaigns of the emperor Lucius Verus.” The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society 11: 209-267.
Elsner J., & Meyer M., 2004. Art and Rhetoric in Roman Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Eusebius, 1999. Life of Constantine (Translated by A. Cameron & S.G. Hall). Oxford: Clarendon. (Original work written in the 4 th Century)
Fejfer J., 2008. Roman Portraits in Context. Berlin-New York: W. de Gruyter.
Gibbon E., 1840. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Volume 1. Paris: Baudry’s European Library.
Goldsworthy A. K., 2009. How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Greatrex G., Elton H., & McMahon L., 2015. Shifting Genres in Late Antiquity. Surrey: Ashgate.
Holloway R. R., 2004. Constantine and Rome. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Kelly Ch., 2006. The Roman Empire: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lee Sh. E., 1953. “A Roman Imperial Portrait of Lucius Verus.” The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 40(3): 47-50.
Machiavelli N., 1996. Discourses on Livy. (Translated by H.C. Mansfield & N. Tarcov). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1531)
Momigliano A., 1942. “The Peace of the Ara Pacis.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 5: 228-231.
Morley N., 2010. The Roman Empire: Roots of Imperialism. London: Pluto Press.
Osgood J., 2011. Claudius Caesar: Image and Power in the Early Roman Empire. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Pollini J., 1999. “Die Bildnisse des Augustus by Dietrich Boschung.” The Art Bulletin 81(4): 723-35.
Rees R., 1993. “Images and Image: A Re-Examination of Tetrarchic Iconography.” Greece & Rome 40(2): 181-200.
Roger D., & Giroire C. (eds.), 2007. Roman Art from the Louvre. Manchester: Hudson Hills Press.
Sabino R. C., 2017. Cat. 6 Portrait Head of Emperor Hadrian. Roman Art at the Art Institute of Chicago. Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago.
Schnapp A. (ed.), 2011. Préhistoire et Antiquité. Des origins de l’humanité au monde classique. Paris: Flammarion.
Smith R. R. R., 1997. “The Public Image of Licinius I: Portrait Sculpture and Imperial Ideology in the Early Fourth Century.” The Journal of Roman Studies 87: 170-202.
Stanton G. R., 1969. “Marcus Aurelius, Emperor and Philosopher.” Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 18(5): 570-587.
Thompson N. L., De Montebello Ph., Lydecker J. K., & PicónC. A., 2007. Roman Art: A Resource for Educators. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Toral-Niehoff I., 20 13. “Constantine’s Baptism Legend: a ‘Wandering’ Story between Byzantium, Rome, the Syriac and the Arab World.” In B. Crostini & S. La Porta (eds.), Negotiating Co-existence: Communities, Cultures and Convivencia in Byzantine Society (pp. 131-143). Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag.
Van Heesch J., 2011. “Quantifying Roman Imperial Coinage.” In F. de Callataÿ (ed.), Proceedings of the Third Francqui 2010: Conference Quantifying monetary supplies in greco-roman times (pp. 311-328). Bari: Edipuglia.
Wolfram H., 1997. The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples. (Translated by T. Dunlap). Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Wright D. H., 1987. “The True Face of Constantine the Great.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 41: 493–507.
Zanker P., 2016. Roman Portraits: Sculptures in Stone and Bronze in the Collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Capus P., 2019. Tête de Lucius Verus. Toulouse: Les sculptures de la villa romaine de Chiragan. Retrieved April 19, 2020, from https://villachiragan.saintraymond.toulouse.fr/ark:/87276/a_ra_63
Gaffiot F.,1934. Dictionnaire latin français. Paris: Hachette. Retrieved February 24, 2020, from https://www.lexilogos.com/latin/gaffiot.php?q=augustus
Historia Augusta, Volume I: Hadrian. Aelius. Antoninus Pius. Marcus Aurelius. L. Verus. Avidius Cassius. Commodus. Pertinax. Didius Julianus. Septimius Severus. Pescennius Niger. Clodius Albinus, 1921. (Translated by D. Magie). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. (Original work published in the 4th Century). Retrieved June 24, 2019, from https://archive.org/details/scriptoreshistor01camb/page/n11
Lightfoot Ch., 2000. The Roman Empire (27 B.C.–393 A.D.). Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved December 10, 2018, from http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/roem/hd_roem.htm
Tranquillus S., 1909. The Lives of the Twelve Caesars: to which are added, his Lives of the Grammarians, Rhetoricians, and Poets. (Translated by A. Thomson & T. Forester). London: George Bell and Sons. Retrieved May 7, 2019, from https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/1888
Trentinella R., 2003. Roman Portrait Sculpture: Republican through Constantinian. New York: The Metropolitan Museumof Art. Retrieved September 7, 2018, from https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ropo/hd_ropo.htm
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
บทความนี้เป็นผลงานของข้าพเจ้าแต่เพียงผู้เดียว และ/หรือเป็นผลงานของข้าพเจ้าและผู้ร่วมงาน ตามชื่อที่ระบุในบทความจริง และเป็นผลงานที่มิได้ถูกนำเสนอหรือตีพิมพ์ที่ใดมาก่อน
