Spatial Archaeology of Sacred Landscape on the Eastern Phanom Dongrek Range

Abstract

This article presents a synthesis of knowledge related to spatial archeology, land use and natural resources related to the sacred place and landscape on the eastern Phnom Dongrek mountain range. The objective is to consider the relationship between land use and sacred landscapes. The results of the study found a total of 10 archaeological sites in the research area, including 4 prehistoric archaeological sites and 6 historical archaeological sites. All archaeological sites are scattered throughout the highlands along the eastern Phnom Dongrek range, with the cultural chronology of the sites ranging from the prehistoric period in the Iron Age and the historical period in the Dvaravati culture and the ancient Khmer culture, respectively. Significant evidence indicates the site-function of these sites was as space for rituals/religious activities. All the sites are in the form of rock shelters with paintings and carvings, Buddha's footprint, and sanctuaries. It was found that the use of space in this area is influenced by the subsistence pattern and religious systems and beliefs. For this, the presence of dense ancient sites may be related to the settlements or religion that are consistent with the meaning of sacred landscape and sacred place. It should also be mentioned that another important factor is the ability to access resources and raw materials for the construction of religious sites in this area.