The Path of Sound: Habitus and Capital Accumulation in Sound Design

Abstract

This article aims to study the learning process and capital accumulation of sound designers in the creative industry through Pierre Bourdieu's framework of practice, capital, habitus, and field. The research employs a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews of 11 sound designers to explore their experiences, career paths, and factors influencing their skill development. The study found that capital accumulation is a continuous and diverse process that occurs both within and outside formal education systems. Key types of capital include ‘cultural capital,’ which consists of knowledge from formal education and self-learning, skills gained from continuous practice and tool usage, and experience from real-world work and problem-solving. ‘Social capital’ creates career opportunities through industry networks, while ‘symbolic capital’ refers to reputation and recognition in the field, such as awards and collaborations with leading studios. Lastly, ‘economic capital’ includes income and assets that can be invested in equipment or skill development to produce high-quality work. The learning and capital accumulation of sound designers reflect the role of habitus, a framework of ideas and practices shaped by social context. Meanwhile, the creative industry's field influences professional standards, work methods, and career opportunities. However, sound designers are not solely determined by field structures; they can adapt and carve their own paths by using new technologies and innovations, challenging traditional views on capital and practices in the sound industry. This study's findings can inform policies to support sustainable careers for sound designers, enabling them to adapt effectively to future technological and labor market changes.