When Metal Tells the Story Behind Buddhist Art: An Elemental analysis of Buddha Images at the Gallery of Wat Benchanmabophit

Abstract

The diversity of Buddha images in the gallery of Wat Benchamabophit Dusitwanaram reflects the elegance of Buddhist arts in each artistic tradition across different styles and periods. Although there are some historical records of the Buddha images, some information remains contradictory. The use of scientific analysis provides strong evidence for critical explanation of some hypothesis. In this study, 52 Buddha images in the gallery were analyzed. The analysis of 19 replicas in the reign of King Rama V revealed different elemental patterns from the ancient ones providing insights into their historical contexts and hypothesizing the relationships of some Buddha images. The study of 29 ancient Buddha images relocated from different locations, contributes into the foundation of scientific database of Thai Buddha images. In addition, the database assembled with statistical analysis provides an important record of casting composites as well as the clustering of artistic traditions. The variation in quantity of copper, tin, lead, and zinc reflects typical characters of Buddha images that illustrates the transformation of metalsmith’s techniques through time. Integrating scientific methods into the analysis of ancient artifacts is a promising technology to enhance knowledge and offer a new perspective in Thai history. This approach encourages discussion and intensive study to further benefiting the nation.