Western-styled Buildings in Bangkok: Shophouses and Commercial Buildings in Khlong Khu Mueang Doem Canal Area

Abstract

This research article aims to present the study of shophouse and commercial buildings in the area of the Khlong Khu Mueang Doem Canal (former city moat). It examines architectural styles, as well as the social and historical contexts of change from around the beginning of the reign of King Rama V onwards. The study found that overall, the buildings were influenced by Western architectural styles. This influence can be observed through the adoption of certain architectural elements and ornaments applied to these shophouses. Beginning in the period of King Rama V, building decorations were commonly adapted for use on the façade, showing a gradual development in building appearance toward a modern architectural style and structure over time.
The study of the historical context also revealed that the area of the former city moat, which was close to the inner city, was a significant location where palaces and diverse communities were established during the early Rattanakosin period. However, following the significant economic development after the Bowring Treaty, this marked the beginning of physical development in the area, including the construction of roads and the orderly erection of roadside buildings. Additionally, as this newly developed location became the downtown area, it attracted business owners to continuously rent space there to open shops and stores. A major factor behind this development was that land ownership in the area belonged to the elite class in society or was under government control, allowing for the sustained construction of buildings.