The Model and Practices for Caring for Bedridden Patients Based on Buddhist Principles

Abstract

The objectives of this research were to: 1) examine the current situation of bedridden patients and the implementation of health care services for them, 2) explore caregiving practices for bedridden patients in accordance with Buddhist principles and 3) propose a comprehensive model and method of care grounded in Buddhist teachings. This qualitative research used in-depth interviews and focus groups with experts, and used content analysis, presented with descriptive quotations according to the specified objectives.

The results of this research found that:

1. Lamphun Province had a total population of 393,982 people, of whom 111,054 were elderly (28.19%). In 2023, health screenings were conducted for 62,925 elderly individuals, revealing 1,963 as homebound, 60,515 as socially active, and 447 as bedridden. Bedridden patient care covers hygiene, nutrition, physical therapy, and mental health, with support from family, community, and technology. To prevent pressure sores, the patient should turn regularly and use pressure-relieving devices. For mental health, encouragement, conversation, and relaxation activities should be provided, with follow-up and evaluation by public health volunteers.
2. Guidelines for caring for bedridden patients based on Buddhist principles included 1) providing care for elderly bedridden patients by integrating the Bhavanā 4 to prevent pressure ulcers, 2) implementing the Brahmavihāra principles to offer support and emotional encouragement to the elderly bedridden patients, 3) utilizing the Four Foundations of Mindfulness (Sattipaṭṭhāna) to assess the care administered to elderly bedridden patients and 4) preparing for End-of-life Care by embracing the principle of Aniccā (Impermanence).
3. The model and practices for caring for bedridden patients based on Buddhist principles included 1) taking care of the body and mind, like avoiding pressure sores, eating the right foods, getting physical therapy, and encouraging talks, 2) following the Brahmavihāra 4 and the Bhavanā 4 to improve understanding, empathy, and trust in suffering, 3) adopting the EKAPON Model, which stands for emotional intelligence (E), family care (K), environmental arrangements (A), support (P), creating purpose in life (O), and connecting with community networks (N) to improve your quality of life.