中国学校百年美育政策的回顾与探析
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摘要
本文通过对中国学校百年美育政策的回顾与探析，总结出中国学校美育政策形成机理与发展规律，为当下及未来学校美育的发展具有一定的理论意义与现实意义。文章从历史的角度梳理了中国学校美育政策在历经百年洗礼中所形成的六个发展阶段，即清政府时期 (1900-1911 年)、民国时期 (1911-1929 年)、救亡运动时期 (1929-1949 年)、新中国成立后曲折发展时期 (1949-1978 年)、改革开放后重建时期 (1978-2012 年)、新时代学校美育体系构建时期 (2012-2022 年)。从形成机理来看，每一阶段学校美育政策的制定与特定历史时期的国情、党或国家的政治思想引领、教育大政方针及社会精神文化建设方向有着密不可分的关系；从发展规律来看，中国百年学校美育政策始终坚持以“德”为先，遵循美与善相统一的中华传统美育精神；艺术教育是学校实施美育的主要内容；每个时期具有代表性的美育思想和中国化马克思主义美学理论及其成果为中国学校美育政策的制定提供了理论指导。
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