A Review Paper on Visible and Invisible Underemployment
Keywords:
Underemployment, time-related underemployment, overemployment, skill mismatch, qualification mismatch, income-related underemploymentAbstract
Underemployment is a severe form of labor underutilization which adversely impacts productivity and economic growth. However, unlike unemployment, the topic of underemployment receives far less attention than it deserves. Specifically, there are two types of underemployment: time-related underemployment and inadequate employment situation. The aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive review of underemployment, including types, measurement, and the extent of underemployment among countries, including Thailand. The findings reveal that the majority of existing studies on underemployment are centered on time-related underemployment due to the availability of data. In contrast, research studies on skill mismatch, income-related inadequate employment, and overemployment are limited.
References
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Angrave, David, and Andy Charlwood. (2015). “What is the Relationship Between Long Working Hours, Over-employment, Under-employment and the Subjective Well-being of Workers? Longitudinal Evidence from the UK.” Human Relations, 68(9), 1491-1515.
Bauer. (2002). Educational mismatch and wages: a panel analysis. Economics of Education Review, 21(2002), 221–229.
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Clarkberg, M. and Moen, P., (2001). Understanding the Time-Squeeze: Married Couples Preferred and Actual Work-Hour Strategies. American Behavioral Scientist, 44, 1115-1136.
Cohn and Ng. (2000). Incidence and wage effects of overschooling and underschooling in Hong Kong. Economics of Education Review, 19(2000), 159-168.
Desjardins, R. and K. Rubenson. (2011). An Analysis of Skill Mismatch Using Direct Measures of Skills. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 63, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kg3nh9h52g5-en
Domfe et al. (2013). Determinants of Types of Underemployment in the MiDA Intervention Zones of Ghana. Developing Country Studies, 3(12), 33-47.
Duncan and Hoffman. (1981). The Incidence and wage effects of overeducation. Economics of Education Review, 1(1), 75-86.
Feather P. and Shaw, D. (1999). Estimating the Cost of Leisure Time for Recreation Demand Models. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, July, 49-65.
Friedland, D.S. and Price, R.H. (2003), Underemployment: Consequences for the Health and Well-Being of Workers. American Journal of Community Psychology, 32(1), 33–45.
Golden. (2004). Overemployed workers in the US. Labor Market. Industrial Relations Research Association Series 56th Annual Meeting, San Diego, California.
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Green F., & Mc Intosh. (2002). Is there a genuine underutilization of skills amongst the over-qualified?. SKOPE Research Paper. 30(Spring).
Green, Francis, & Nicholas T. (2005). An Investigation of National Trends in Job Satisfaction in Britain and Germany. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 43(3), 401-429.
Guironnet, J.-P.; Peypoch, N. (2007). Human capital allocation and overeducation: A measure of French productivity (1987, 1999). Economic Modelling, 24(3), 398–410.
Hartog & Oosterbeek. (1988). Education, Allocation and Earnings in the Netherlands: Overschooling? Economics of Education Review, 7(2), 185-194.
Hauser, P. M. (1974). The Measurement of Labour Utilization. The Malayan Economic Review, 19, 1–17.
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Ortiz & Kuce. (2008). Do Fields of Study Matter for Over-education?: The Cases of Spain and Germany. International Journal of comparative Sociology, 49(4-5), 305-327.
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Pellizzari & Fichen. (2013). A new measure of skills mismatch: Theory and Evidence from the Survey of adult skills. (OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Paper No.153). OECD Publishing, Paris.
Pholpirul et al. (2016). Educational Mismatches and Labor market outcomes. Development Economic Review, 10(2), 534-546.
Pratomo. (2015). The analysis of underemployment in Indonesia: determinants and its implication. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211 p.528-532
Ramulongo. (2014). An Analysis of Underemployment in the South African Labour Market. Labour Market Review, 2014/15, Department of Labour. Government Printers.
Robinson & Abbasi. (1979). Underemployment in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 18(4), 313-331.
Rubb. (2003). Overeducation in the labor market: a comment and re-analysis of a meta-analysis. Economics of Education Review, 22(6), 621-629.
Rumberger. (1987). The Impact of Surplus Schooling on Productivity and Earnings, 1986. The Journal of Human Resources, 21(1), 24-50.
Senkrua. (2015). The mismatch in Thai labor market: Overeducation. Chiang Mai University Journal of Economics, 19(1), 92-116.
Sicherman. (1991). Overeducation in the labour market. Journal of Labor Economics, 9, 101-122.
Stefanik. (2011). What can existing overeducation tell us about the situation in supply and demand of tertiary educated? Review of Applied Socio- Economic Research, 1(1), 11-28.
Tam. (2010). Characteristics of the underemployed and the overemployed in the UK. Economic & Labour Market Review, 4(7), 8-20
Tasci, H.M. (2005). Recent trends in underemployment and determinants of underemployment in Turkey. Suleyman Demirel Universitesi, Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Y.2006, c11, S.1 s.299-319
Teeraswat et al. (2002). The Underemployment in Thailand. The Thailand Research Fund, Bangkok.
Tsai. (2010). Returns to overeducation: A longitudinal analysis of the U.S.labor market. Economics of Education Review, 29(2010), 606-617.
Tsang et al. (1991). The impact of surplus schooling on worker productivity. Industrial Relation, 30, 209-227.
Varakamin. (2017). Education and skill mismatches in Maptaphut Industrial Estate, Thailand Journal of Review on Global Economics, 6, 233-238
Verdugo & Verdugo. (1989). The impact of surplus schooling on earnings: Some additional findings. The Journal of Human Resources, 24(4), 629-643.
Verhaest, D & Omey, E. (2009). The Determinant of Overeducation: Different Meausres, Different Outcomes? (Universiteit Gent Working Paper 2009/592), Faculty of Economics: Universiteit Gent.
Weiss, A. (1984). Determinants of quit behavior, Journal of Labor Economics, 2(3), 371–87.
Wilkins. (2004). The extent and consequences of underemployment in Australia. Melbourne Institute Working Paper No. 16/04. Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The university of Melbourne. August 2004
Wilkins, R. (2007). The Consequences of Underemployment for the Underemployed. Journal of Industrial Relations, 49(2), 247–75.
Wooden, Mark, Diana W., & Robert D. (2009). Working Time Mismatch and Subjective Well-being. British Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 147-179.
Wunder & Heinecdk. (2012). Working time preferences, hours mismatch, and well-being of couples: Are there spillovers?. German Socio-Economic Panel Study Paper 471. DIW Berlin
Angrave, David, and Andy Charlwood. (2015). “What is the Relationship Between Long Working Hours, Over-employment, Under-employment and the Subjective Well-being of Workers? Longitudinal Evidence from the UK.” Human Relations, 68(9), 1491-1515.
Bauer. (2002). Educational mismatch and wages: a panel analysis. Economics of Education Review, 21(2002), 221–229.
Blundell, R. and Macurdy, T. (1999). Labor supply: A review of alternative approaches, in O. Ashenfelter and D. Card (eds), Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 3 of Handbook of Labor Economics, Elsevier, chapter 27, 1559–1695.
Chevalier, Arnaud. (2003). ‘Measuring Over-Education’. Economica, 70(279), 509–31. doi:10.1111/1468- 0335.t01-1-00296
Clarkberg, M. and Moen, P., (2001). Understanding the Time-Squeeze: Married Couples Preferred and Actual Work-Hour Strategies. American Behavioral Scientist, 44, 1115-1136.
Cohn and Ng. (2000). Incidence and wage effects of overschooling and underschooling in Hong Kong. Economics of Education Review, 19(2000), 159-168.
Desjardins, R. and K. Rubenson. (2011). An Analysis of Skill Mismatch Using Direct Measures of Skills. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 63, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kg3nh9h52g5-en
Domfe et al. (2013). Determinants of Types of Underemployment in the MiDA Intervention Zones of Ghana. Developing Country Studies, 3(12), 33-47.
Duncan and Hoffman. (1981). The Incidence and wage effects of overeducation. Economics of Education Review, 1(1), 75-86.
Feather P. and Shaw, D. (1999). Estimating the Cost of Leisure Time for Recreation Demand Models. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, July, 49-65.
Friedland, D.S. and Price, R.H. (2003), Underemployment: Consequences for the Health and Well-Being of Workers. American Journal of Community Psychology, 32(1), 33–45.
Golden. (2004). Overemployed workers in the US. Labor Market. Industrial Relations Research Association Series 56th Annual Meeting, San Diego, California.
Golden and Gebreselassie. (2007). Overemployment mismatches: the preference for fewer work hours. Monthly Labor Review, April 2007, 18-37.
Green F., & Mc Intosh. (2002). Is there a genuine underutilization of skills amongst the over-qualified?. SKOPE Research Paper. 30(Spring).
Green, Francis, & Nicholas T. (2005). An Investigation of National Trends in Job Satisfaction in Britain and Germany. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 43(3), 401-429.
Guironnet, J.-P.; Peypoch, N. (2007). Human capital allocation and overeducation: A measure of French productivity (1987, 1999). Economic Modelling, 24(3), 398–410.
Hartog & Oosterbeek. (1988). Education, Allocation and Earnings in the Netherlands: Overschooling? Economics of Education Review, 7(2), 185-194.
Hauser, P. M. (1974). The Measurement of Labour Utilization. The Malayan Economic Review, 19, 1–17.
Hauser, P. M. (1977). The Measurement of Labour Utilization–More Empirical Results. The Malayan Economic Review, 22, 10–25.
Heldrich Center for Workforce Development. (1999). Who Will Let the Good Times Roll?: A National Survey on Jobs, the Economy, and Race for President. Work Trends Survey, 1, 16.
Hersh. (1991). Education Match and job match. Review of Economics and Statistics, 73, 140-144
ILO. (1998). Resolution Concerning the Measurement of Underemployment and Inadequate Employment Situations, adopted by the 16th ICLS, October 1998, available at: http://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-international-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087487/lang—en/index.htm (accessed 15 September 2016).
Islam & Kamarudin. (2018). Analysing and Forecasting the underemployment trend in Malaysia. International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 2(1), 2018-2032.
Jensen, U., Gartner, H., & Rässler, S. (2010). Estimating German overqualification with stochastic earnings frontiers. AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis, 94(1), 33– 51.
Johnson, G.J. & Johnson, W.R. (1996). Perceived Overqualification and Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Social Psychology, 136(4), 435–45.
Jones & Sloane. (2009). Disability and skill mismatch. IZA DP No.4430, Sept 2009
Lin, C. H. & C. H. Wang. (2005). The Incidence and Wage Effects of Overeducation: The Case of Taiwan, Journal of Economic Development, 30, 31-47.
Linsley. (2005). Overeducation in the Australian labor market: Its incidence and effects. The University of Melbourne department of Economics Research paper No. 939.
Mavromaras, McGuinness, O’Leary, Sloane & Fok. (2007). The Problem of Overskilling in Australia and Britain. Discussion Paper Series No.3136 Nov, 2007. The Institute of the Study of Labor (IZA), Germany
Ortiz. (2008). Not the right job, but a secure one: Over-education and temporary employment in France, Italy, and Spain. (Estudio/Working Paper 2008/235 June 2008).
Ortiz & Kuce. (2008). Do Fields of Study Matter for Over-education?: The Cases of Spain and Germany. International Journal of comparative Sociology, 49(4-5), 305-327.
Otterbach et al. (2016). Working time mismatch and mental health. IZA DP No. 9818, March 2016, Germany
Pellizzari & Fichen. (2013). A new measure of skills mismatch: Theory and Evidence from the Survey of adult skills. (OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Paper No.153). OECD Publishing, Paris.
Pholpirul et al. (2016). Educational Mismatches and Labor market outcomes. Development Economic Review, 10(2), 534-546.
Pratomo. (2015). The analysis of underemployment in Indonesia: determinants and its implication. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211 p.528-532
Ramulongo. (2014). An Analysis of Underemployment in the South African Labour Market. Labour Market Review, 2014/15, Department of Labour. Government Printers.
Robinson & Abbasi. (1979). Underemployment in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 18(4), 313-331.
Rubb. (2003). Overeducation in the labor market: a comment and re-analysis of a meta-analysis. Economics of Education Review, 22(6), 621-629.
Rumberger. (1987). The Impact of Surplus Schooling on Productivity and Earnings, 1986. The Journal of Human Resources, 21(1), 24-50.
Senkrua. (2015). The mismatch in Thai labor market: Overeducation. Chiang Mai University Journal of Economics, 19(1), 92-116.
Sicherman. (1991). Overeducation in the labour market. Journal of Labor Economics, 9, 101-122.
Stefanik. (2011). What can existing overeducation tell us about the situation in supply and demand of tertiary educated? Review of Applied Socio- Economic Research, 1(1), 11-28.
Tam. (2010). Characteristics of the underemployed and the overemployed in the UK. Economic & Labour Market Review, 4(7), 8-20
Tasci, H.M. (2005). Recent trends in underemployment and determinants of underemployment in Turkey. Suleyman Demirel Universitesi, Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Y.2006, c11, S.1 s.299-319
Teeraswat et al. (2002). The Underemployment in Thailand. The Thailand Research Fund, Bangkok.
Tsai. (2010). Returns to overeducation: A longitudinal analysis of the U.S.labor market. Economics of Education Review, 29(2010), 606-617.
Tsang et al. (1991). The impact of surplus schooling on worker productivity. Industrial Relation, 30, 209-227.
Varakamin. (2017). Education and skill mismatches in Maptaphut Industrial Estate, Thailand Journal of Review on Global Economics, 6, 233-238
Verdugo & Verdugo. (1989). The impact of surplus schooling on earnings: Some additional findings. The Journal of Human Resources, 24(4), 629-643.
Verhaest, D & Omey, E. (2009). The Determinant of Overeducation: Different Meausres, Different Outcomes? (Universiteit Gent Working Paper 2009/592), Faculty of Economics: Universiteit Gent.
Weiss, A. (1984). Determinants of quit behavior, Journal of Labor Economics, 2(3), 371–87.
Wilkins. (2004). The extent and consequences of underemployment in Australia. Melbourne Institute Working Paper No. 16/04. Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The university of Melbourne. August 2004
Wilkins, R. (2007). The Consequences of Underemployment for the Underemployed. Journal of Industrial Relations, 49(2), 247–75.
Wooden, Mark, Diana W., & Robert D. (2009). Working Time Mismatch and Subjective Well-being. British Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 147-179.
Wunder & Heinecdk. (2012). Working time preferences, hours mismatch, and well-being of couples: Are there spillovers?. German Socio-Economic Panel Study Paper 471. DIW Berlin
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2018-08-31
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