Factors Affecting the Use of Linguistic Strategies by Thai Caregivers in Persuading Japanese Elderly to Have Meals
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the factors influencing Thai caregivers’ selection of linguistic strategies to persuade Japanese elderly individuals to consume meals, framed by Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory. According to this framework, the choice of politeness strategies is contingent upon three principal factors: the closeness of social relationships, relative power, and the severity of the situation. A qualitative research design was employed, involving in-depth interviews with six Thai caregivers. Open-ended interviews were used to gather comprehensive information regarding participants’ demographic background, professional experience, approaches to persuasion, and responses to hypothetical scenarios reflecting practical communication challenges in elderly care. The findings indicate that the caregivers’ choice of linguistic strategies is significantly influenced by three main factors. First, the caregiver–elderly relationship: close relationships facilitated the use of positive-politeness strategies and emotionally engaging communication to foster a relaxed atmosphere and promote trust, whereas more distant relationships prompted the use of logical reasoning combined with negative-politeness strategies. Second, the relative power or status of the elderly: for high-status elders, caregivers employed positive and honorific language to demonstrate respect, while for elders with limited socioeconomic resources, caregivers applied reasoning and highlighted potential negative outcomes, maintaining consistent politeness to ensure respect and ethical treatment. Third, the severity of health-related situations: in cases posing significant health risks, caregivers integrated logical reasoning with politeness strategies and emotionally engaging communication to motivate the elderly to follow nutritional recommendations. These findings provide valuable insights for developing communication training programs for Thai caregivers in Japan, thereby enhancing the effectiveness and appropriateness of elderly care practices.
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