Securitization of Syrian Refugees in 2015: A Comparative Analysis between the EU and Turkey
คำสำคัญ:
ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างตุรกีและสหภาพยุโรป, ความมั่นคงภิวัฒน์ ผู้ลี้ภัยชาวซีเรียบทคัดย่อ
บทความนี้มุ่งศึกษาลักษณะแนวทางที่สหภาพยุโรปและตุรกีจัดการกับผู้ลี้ภัยชาวซีเรียในปี 2015 โดยใช้กรอบวิเคราะห์ความมั่นคงภิวัฒน์ของสำนักโคเปนเฮเกนในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลจากเอกสาร กรอบดังกล่าวทำให้เห็นข้อถกเถียงว่า ในขณะที่สหภาพยุโรปได้ทำให้ประเด็นผู้ลี้ภัยชาวซีเรียเป็นปัญหาความมั่นคงในปี 2015-2016 โดยมีเป้าหมายเพื่อรักษาพื้นที่เขตเชงเก็น ในทางกลับกันตุรกีมิได้ทำให้ประเด็นดังกล่าวเป็นภัยความมั่นคงแต่กลับใช้วาทกรรมมนุษยธรรมว่าด้วย “แขกบ้านแขกเรือน” สำหรับการต้อนรับผู้ลี้ภัยชาวซีเรีย อย่างไรก็ตามผู้กระทำการฝ่ายรัฐได้ดำเนินการในทางปฏิบัติด้วยการบังคับใช้มาตรการต่างๆ เพื่อควบคุมชายแดน ดังนั้น เพื่อคลี่ขยายข้อถกเถียงดังกล่าวบทความนี้มุ่งศึกษาเปรียบเทียบความเหมือนและแตกต่างระหว่างนโยบายของตุรกีและสหภาพยุโรปในการจัดการกับวิกฤติผู้ลี้ภัยชาวซีเรียและค้นหาว่าลักษณะของความมั่นคงภิวัฒน์ที่แตกต่างกันมีผลกระทบกับท่าทีความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างประเทศหรือไม่ อย่างไร ในการนี้ ผู้ศึกษาใช้บริบท ตัวแสดงกระทำการ การเคลื่อนประเด็นความมั่นคง ผลผลิตทางนโยบาย และผู้รับสารเป็นจุดเปรียบเทียบ ผลของการศึกษาพบว่า ลักษณะการดำเนินนโยบายความมั่นคงภิวัฒน์ของทั้งสองฝ่ายที่ปรากฏท่าทีที่ไม่ลงตัวกันในหลายระดับส่งผลทำให้ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างตุรกีและสหภาพยุโรปที่เกี่ยวกับวิกฤติผู้ลี้ภัยชาวซีเรียมีความผันผวนสูงและเป็นพัฒนาการที่ไม่ปรกติ ตุรกีมิได้ใช้และจะยังไม่ใช้นโยบายดังกล่าวตราบจนกว่าปัญหาผู้ลี้ภัยจะก้าวล้ำออกนอกกรอบปัญหาด้านมนุษยธรรมและถูกเชื่อมโยงกับภัยก่อการร้าย ดังนั้นองค์กรที่สนับสนุนด้านมนุษยธรรมควรตั้งคำถามกับข้อตกลงระหว่างตุรกีและสหภาพยุโรปในปี 2016 และผลักดันให้สหภาพยุโรปใช้นโยบายมนุษยธรรมเปิดรับผู้ลี้ภัยมากกว่าการทำให้เป็นภัยความมั่นคงทั้งทางตรงและทางอ้อม ในขณะเดียวกันก็ควรผลักดันให้ตุรกีช่วยดูแลความปลอดภัยผู้ลี้ภัยชาวซีเรียระหว่างการเดินทางไปประเทศปลายทางแทนมาตรการการกักตัวที่ไม่เป็นผลดีกับผู้ลี้ภัยจำนวนมาก
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Kama, A. (2018). Securitization of Syrian Refugees in 2015: A Comparative Analysis between the EU and Turkey. วารสาร อัล-ฮิกมะฮฺ, 7(14), 151–174. สืบค้น จาก https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/HIKMAH/article/view/113058
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