Designing Age-Friendly Reading Spaces in Urban Public Libraries: A Case Study in Bangkok

Abstract

Thailand is on the verge of becoming a fully aged society, with Bangkok experiencing a continual rise in its elderly population. Public spaces such as libraries must therefore evolve to meet the unique needs of this demographic. However, most public libraries lack appropriate design frameworks for reading areas, affecting both the quality of life and accessibility of services for older users. This study aims to (1) examine the reading behavior of elderly users in public libraries in Bangkok, (2) analyze the physical factors influencing their spatial use, and (3) propose design strategies for reading areas suited to older adults in the Bangkok context. Employing a mixed-methods approach, Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 100 elderly participants, while qualitative data were obtained from direct observations and in-depth interviews conducted in five public libraries. All research instruments were validated for content accuracy and reliability by three experts in interior design. Quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, whereas qualitative data were examined through content analysis. The findings reveal that most elderly users engaged with library reading spaces primarily for psychological relaxation rather than for research or academic study. They preferred quiet areas with sufficient natural light and proximity to entrances, which fostered a sense of comfort and safety. These behaviors were closely associated with physical and environmental factors influencing user satisfaction, particularly soft and non-glare lighting, ergonomically suitable furniture, convenient and safe accessibility, and clean, airy, and peaceful surroundings. However, several limitations were identified, including inappropriate furniture dimensions, small and unclear signage, and accessibility barriers in certain areas. The study proposes design guidelines for age-friendly reading spaces in public libraries based on Universal Design principles. It emphasizes safety, comfort, accessibility, and sensory well-being as essential components in creating inclusive library environments. Such design considerations not only address the diverse needs of older adults but also enhance public space design practices, contributing to Thailand’s sustainable transition toward an age-inclusive society.