ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับอุณหภูมิพื้นผิวในเมืองขอนแก่น

Natthapong Laophaeng; Dararat Khamchiangta

Authors

Natthapong Laophaeng Faculty of Architecture, Khon Kaen University
Dararat Khamchiangta Faculty of Architecture, Khon Kaen University

Keywords:

Factors, Land Surface Temperature, Urban Heat Island, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI)

Abstract

This research focuses on the characteristics of Land Surface Temperature (LST) and identifies the factors in relation to warming in Khon Kaen city. The study area was defined by Khon Kaen Comprehensive Plan (3rd revision, 2019), covering an area of approximately 239.52 km² and incorporating 11 local administrative organizations. Land Surface Temperature (LST) was derived from Landsat-8 and 9 imageries. Study period extended from mid-February to mid-May (summer season), using 2024 as the base year. To examine factors related to warming, we divided factors into 2 variables (1) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and (2) Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). The results show that the mean of LST in Khon Kaen city ranges from 21 °C to 32 °C. The hottest areas are found in the western part and the city center of Khon Kaen, representing the open spaces and densely built-up zones, respectively. NDVI illustrates a weak negative correlation with LST (r = -0.142), while NDBI shows a strong positive correlation (r = 0.729). This indicated that an increase in green space leads to decrease in LST, whereas an increase in built-up areas or impervious surface results in a corresponding increase in LST. The analysis of multiple regression of LST_(y) on NDVI_(X1) and NDBI_(X2) shows the predictive equation: y = 25.829 + 5.937 X₁ + 17.472 X₂. Based on the study findings, strategies to mitigate urban heat in Khon Kaen should prioritize land use management alongside the design of physical urban elements. Recommended measures include expanding green spaces such as public parks, pocket parks, and street-tree plantings as well as encouraging the use of permeable paving materials instead of concrete surface to reduce heat absorption in the city. Furthermore, regulating building density within the city will enhance urban airflow and facilitate the dissipation of accumulated heat from the city core.

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