Development of the Origin of Buddha Amulets in Thailand: Analyzing the Turning Point of Ideas and Beliefs in the Creation of Buddha Amulets in the Ayutthaya Period

Abstract

This article presents the development of the origin of Buddha amulets in Thailand by studying and analyzing the concepts and beliefs of Buddha amulets creation in the Ayutthaya period. It was found that current Buddha amulets have evolved from Buddhist votive tablets from India until they spread to Suvarnabhumi. After that, the concept and belief of creating Buddhist votive tablets began to be developed to be used as amulets since the early Ayutthaya period, which has evidence showing the turning point of the concept of creation being different from the previous era. Evidence indicates a notable shift in the creation concept during the middle Ayutthaya period, marked by regional conflicts. In response to the turbulent times and warfare with surrounding kingdoms, the idea emerged to create amulets for protective purposes. Believing in the potency of Buddha’s power and sacred rituals, these amulets were perceived as shields, ensuring the safety of individuals and securing victory over both human enemies and malevolent forces. Towards the era’s conclusion, there was a progression in materials used and the practice of inscribing yantra on the back of Buddha amulets, emphasizing their durability, Maha-ud, and Kongkrabhanchatri. The development of Buddhist art during this period contributed to the distinctive identity of Ayutthaya. A consecration ceremony, featuring magical spells, is highlighted as a model for crafting Buddha amulets, a tradition passed down through generations to the present day.