Developing a Comprehensive Model for Fostering Ethical Values in Secondary Schooling through Active Learning

Abstract

This study aimed to: 1) develop a comprehensive model for fostering ethical values in upper secondary education through an Active Learning approach; and 2) evaluate the appropriateness of the proposed model. This study adopted a mixed-methods research design, integrating both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The sample consisted of 43 participants involved in ethics education at the upper secondary level, drawn from 30 secondary schools nationwide, selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument was an expert evaluation form assessing the appropriateness of the proposed ethical instructional model, which was developed through analysis and synthesis by three experts. The research was conducted in three phases: 1) reviewing relevant documents and studies, followed by data analysis and synthesis; 2) constructing the comprehensive model for fostering ethical values in secondary schooling through an Active Learning-based ethical formation process; and 3) evaluating the appropriateness of the model.
The findings revealed that: 1) the developed model for fostering ethical values
in upper secondary schooling consists of four interrelated processes:
(1) establishing a working committee, (2) designing ethical development projects,
(3) implementing moral youth development activities, and (4) evaluating ethical
development outcomes. 2) The overall appropriateness of the model was rated at the highest level (M = 4.60), indicating that the model is highly suitable for application in upper secondary education. The results further demonstrate that the synthesized model exhibits internal coherence and systematic integration, functioning as a dynamic and adaptable framework capable of continuous and
sustainable implementation. The model is responsive to contemporary social changes and moves beyond rigid instructional frameworks by emphasizing
experiential and reflective Active Learning processes. Ultimately, the model
contributes to fostering moral youths who demonstrate growth in ethical awareness, reflective thinking, and ethical behavior, thereby supporting the development of a value-based and sustainable society in the long term.