Motivation Factors on Wellness Tourism influencing Tourist Satisfaction of Spiritual Retreat Visitors
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May 28, 2018
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Abstract
บทความวิชาการนี้ มีวัตถุประสงค์ 1) เพื่อศึกษาปัจจัยผลักดันทางการท่องเที่ยวเชิงสุขภาวะที่มีอิทธิพลต่อความพึงพอใจของนักท่องเที่ยวเชิงฟื้นฟูจิตวิญญาณ 2) เพื่อศึกษาปัจจัยดึงดูดทางการท่องเที่ยวเชิงสุขภาวะที่มีอิทธิพลต่อความพึงพอใจของนักท่องเที่ยวเชิงฟื้นฟูจิตวิญญาณ สำหรับผลการศึกษาได้จากการสังเคราะห์ตัวแปร จากงานวิจัยและบทความที่เกี่ยวข้องกับ ปัจจัยแรงจูงใจทางการท่องเที่ยวเชิงสุขภาวะที่มีอิทธิพลต่อความพึงพอใจของนักท่องเที่ยวเชิงฟื้นฟูจิตวิญญาณ โดยนำตัวแปรที่มีความถี่ในการศึกษาซ้ำสูงสุด สรุปเป็นผลการศึกษา ซึ่งพบว่า ปัจจัยผลักดันที่มีอิทธิพลต่อความพึงพอใจของนักท่องเที่ยว ประกอบด้วย 7 ปัจจัย ได้แก่ 1) การหลีกหนี 2) การผ่อนคลาย 3) การอยู่เหนือตนเอง 4) ความสมบูรณ์ทางกายภาพ 5) การสนองต่อตนเอง 6) ความภูมิใจในตนเอง 7) การพบสิ่งใหม่ สำหรับปัจจัยดึงดูดที่มีอิทธิพลต่อความพึงพอใจของนักท่องเที่ยว ประกอบด้วย 7 ปัจจัย ได้แก่ 1) ตั้งอยู่ท่ามกลางธรรมชาติ 2) ใกล้ชิดวัฒนธรรมในชุมชน 3) มีกิจกรรมเกี่ยวข้องกับธรรมชาติ 4) มีบรรยากาศที่สงบ 5) มีประสบการณ์ร่วมอย่างแท้จริง 6) สถานที่มีความไกลจากที่อยู่ถาวร 7) มีประวัติศาสตร์ที่น่าสนใจ
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Chuennapha Nilsonthi ช. น., & Suwaree Namwong ส. น. (2018). Motivation Factors on Wellness Tourism influencing Tourist Satisfaction of Spiritual Retreat Visitors. Dusit Thani College Journal, 12(2), 384–403. Retrieved from https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journaldtc/article/view/126089
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References
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Bashar Aref Al-Haj Mohammad. and Ahmad, Puad Mat Som. (2010). An Analysis of Push and Pull Travel Motivations of Foreign Tourists to Jordan. International Journal of Business and Management. 5(12): 41.
Bindu, T. and Kanagaraj, C. (2013). A Study on International Tourist’s Satisfaction with Tourism Services. Life Science Journal. 10(9): 177 - 185.
Bushell, R. and Sheldon, P. J. (2009). Wellness and Tourism: Mind, Body, Spirit, Place. New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
Chen, J. S.; Prebensen, N. and Huan, T. C. (2008). Determining the Motivation of Wellness Travelers. Anatolia. 19 (1): 103 - 115.
Chen, K.; Liu, H. and Chang, F. (2013). Essential Customer Service Factors and the Segmentation of Older Visitors within Wellness Tourism Based on Hot Springs Hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 35: 122 - 132.
Crompton, John. L. (1979). Motivations for Pleasure Vacation. Annals of Tourism Research. 6 (4): 408 - 424.
Dann, G. M. S. (1981). Tourist Motivation: An Appraisal. Annals of Tourism Research. 8(2): 187 - 219.
Dawkins. M.; Gaunt. E. and Pforr. C. (2011). Nature and Scope of Wellness Tourism in Western Australia: The Case of the Margaret River Region. In CAUTHE 2011: National Conference: Tourism: Creating a Brillian Blend. J. Michael, ed. Adelaide, SA: University of South Australia. Pp. 130 - 140.
Fabrega, H., Jr. (1997). Evolution of Sickness and Healing. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Georgiev, G. and Vasileva, M. T. (2010). Conceptualization and Classification of Balneo, Spa and Wellness Establishments in Bulgaria. UTMS Journal of Economics. 1(2): 37 - 44.
Global Wellness Institute. (2014). The Global Wellness Tourism Economy 2013. Retrieved June 18 2015 form https://www.globalwellnesssummit.com/images/stories/pdf/ wellness_tourism_economy_exec_sum_final_10022013.pdf
Hallab, Z. (2006). Catering to the Healthy-Living Vacationer. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 12(1): 71 - 91.
Heung, V. S. and Kucukusta, D. (2013). Wellness Tourism in China: Resources, Development and Marketing. International Journal of Tourism Research. 15(4): 346 - 359.
Heung, V. S.; Qu, H. and Chu, R. (2001). The Relationship Between Vacation Factors and Socio-Demographic and Travelling Characteristics: the Case of Japanese Leisure Travelers. Tourism Management. 22: 259 - 269.
Holmes, P. S. and Collins, D. J. (2001). The PETLEP Approach to Motor Imagery: A Functional Equivalence Model for Sport Psychologists. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 13(1): 60 - 83.
Horx, M. (2002). Die Acht Spharen Der Zukunft-Ein Wegweiser in Die Kultur Des 21. Jahrhunderts, Wien: Amalthea-Signum.
Hritz, N. M.; Sidman, C. L. and D’Abundo, M. (2014). Segmenting the College Educated Generation Y Health and Wellness Traveler. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 31(1), 132 - 145.
Hudson, S. (2008). Tourism and Hospitality Marketing: A Global Perspective. London: Sage.
Illing, J. (2014). Thinking about Research: Theoretical Perspectives, Ethics and Scholarship. In Understanding Medical Education: Evidence, Theory and Practice. 2nd ed.
T. Swanwick, ed. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell. Pp. 331 - 347.
International Spa Association. (2004). The ISPA 2004 Consumer Trends Report: Executive Summary. Retrieved October6, 2015 from htpp://www.experienceceispa.com/ ISPA/Media+Room/Press+Releases/2004+ consumer +Trends+Summary.html
Joppe, M. (2010). One Country's Transformation to Spa Destination: The Case of Canada. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management. 17(1): 117 - 126.
Kangas, H. and Tuohino, A. (2008). Lake Wellness–Uusi Itäsuomalainen Innovaatio?. Matkailututkimus. 4(1): 23 - 41.
Konu, Henna. and Laukkanen, Tommi. (2009). Role of Motivation Factors in Predicting Tourist’ Intentions to Make Wellbeing Holidays-A Finnish Case. Retrieved Marcc 20, 2016 from https://www.duplication.net.au/ANZMACO9/ papers/ ANZMAC2009-376.pdf.
Kassean, H and Gassita, R. (2013). Exploring Tourists Push and Pull Motivations to Visit Mauritius as a Tourist Destination. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure. 12(3): 1 - 13.
Kickbusch, I. (2002). Influence and Opportunity: Reflections on the U.S. Role in Global Public Health. Health Affairs. 21(6): 131 - 141.
Kickbusch, I. and Payne, L. (2003). 21st Century Health Promotion: the Public Health Revolution Meets the Wellness Revolution. Health Promotion International. 18, 275 - 278.
Kim, B. H. and Batra, A. (2009). Healthy-living Behaviour Status and Motivational Characteristics of Foreign Tourists to Visit Wellness Facilities in Bangkok. In: The 2nd Annual PSU Phuket Research Conference Proceedings, Phuket, Prince of Songkla University, pp.1-8. Retrieved March 4, 2016 from https://www.conference.phuket.psu.ac.th/ PSU_OPEN_WEEK_2009/data/Hos pltality/Paper6.pdf
Koh, C.; Tan, H. S; Tan, K. C.; Fang, L.; Fong, F. M.; Kan, D. and Wee, M. L. (2010). Investigating the Effect of 3D Simulation Based Learning on the Motivation and Performance of Engineering Students. The Journal of Engineering Education. 99(3): 237 - 251.
Konu, Henna. and Laukkanen, Tommi. (2009). Role of Motivation Factors in Predicting Tourist’ Intentions to Make Wellbeing Holidays-A Finnish Case. Retrieved March 20, 2016 from https://www.duplication.net.au/ANZMACO9/ papers/ ANZMAC2009-376.pdf
Konu, Henna. and Laukkanen, Tommi. (2009). Role of Motivation Factors in Predicting Tourist’ Intentions to Make Wellbeing Holidays-A Finnish Case. Retrieved March 20, 2016 from https://www.duplication.net.au/ANZMACO9/ papers/ ANZMAC2009-376.pdf
Kucukusta, D. and Heung, V. S. (2012). The Problems of Developing Wellness Tourism in China: From Supply Perspective. Journal of China Tourism Research. 8 (2): 146 - 158.
Lehto, X. Y.; Brown, S.; Chen, Y. and Morrison, A. M. (2006). Yoga Tourism as a Niche within the Wellness Tourism Market. Tourism Recreation Research. 31(1): 25 - 35.
Mair, H. (2005). Tourism, Health and the Pharmacy: Towards a Critical Understanding of Health and Wellness Tourism. Tourism. 53(4): 335 - 346.
Mak, A. H. N.; Wong, K. K. F.and Chang, R. C. Y. (2009). Health or Self-Indulgence? The Motivations and Characteristics of Spa-Goers. International Journal of Tourism Research. 11(2): 185 - 199.
McCabe, S. and Johnson, S. (2013). The Happiness Factor in Tourism: Subjective Well-Being and Social Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 41(1): 42 - 65.
Ministry of Tourism in New Zealand. (2009). Tourist Activity: Natural-Based Tourism. Retrieve September 22, 2016 from: https://www.mbie.govt.nz/info-services/sectors-industries/tourism/tourism-research-data/other-research-and-reports/pdf-and-document-library/NatureBased.pdf
Ministry of Tourism and Sports. (2011). National Tourism Development Plan (2012 – 2016). Bangkok: Ministry of Tourism and Sports.
Mueller, H. and Kaufmann, E. L. (2001). Wellness Tourism: Market Analysis of a Special Health Tourism Segment and Implications for the Hotel Industry. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 7(1): 5 - 17.
Naylor, G. and Kleiser, S. B. (2002). Exploring the Differences in Perceptions of Satisfaction across Lifestyle Segments. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 8(4): 343 - 351.
Novelli, M. (2005). Niche Tourism: Contemporary Issues, Trends and Cases. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Nowacki, M. M. (2009). Quality of Visitor Attractions, Satisfaction, Benefits and Behavioral Intentions of Visitors: Verification of a Model. International Journal of Tourism Research. 11(3): 297 - 309.
Office of The National Economic and Social Development Board. (2011). The Tenth National Economic and Social Development Plan (2007 - 2011). Bangkok: Prime Minister’s Office.
Olimpia, B. (2009). The Identification of a Profile of the Wellness Tourism Consumer. Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series. 18(2): 40 - 45.
Panchal, Jenny H. (2012). The Asian Spa: a Study of Tourist Motivations, “Flow” and the Benefits of Spa Experiences. Master’s thesis, Cook University.
Park, D.-B. and Yoon, Y.-S. (2009). Segmentation by Motivation in Rural Tourism: A Korean Case Study. Tourism Management. 30(1): 99 - 108.
Pearce, P. L. (2005). Tourist Behavior: Themes and Conceptual Schemes. Clevedon, UK: Channel View.
Research International. (2009). ISPA 2008 Global Consumer Study. Powerpoint presentation.
Sharpley, R. and Deborah, J. (2011). Rural Tourism: A Spiritual Experience?. Annals of Tourism Research. 38(1): 52 - 71.
Smith, M. and Kelly, C. (2006). Wellness Tourism. Tourism Recreation Research. 31(1): 1 - 4.
Smith, M. and Puczko, L. (2009). Health, Tourism and Hospitality: Spas, Wellness and Medical Travel. Burlington, MA: Elsevier.
Stace, R.; Brown, A. M.; Purushothoman, M.; Schar, A. and Weichselbraun, A. (2007). National Indicators of Well-Being: Lessons from Pacific Island Countries’ Tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 12(3): 203 - 222.
Suresh, S.; Ganesan, P. P. and Ravichandran, S. (2007). Behavioral Segmentation of Wellness Clients. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research. 7(2): 131 - 150.
Thal, Karen, I. (2015). Self-Determination Theory and Wellness Tourism: How Do Wellness Facilities Contribute to Wellbeing?. Master’s thesis, University of Minnesotan.
UNEP and UNWTO. (2005). Making Tourism More Sustainable-A Guide for Policy Makers. Retrieved October 17, 2015 from https://www.unep.fr/shared/publications/pdf/ DTIx0592xPA-TourismPolicyEN.pdf
Uysal, M. and Jurowski, C. (1993). An Empirical Testing of the Push and Pull Factors of Tourist Motivations. Annals of Tourism Research. 21 (4): 844 - 846.
Voigt, C. (2010). Understanding Wellness Tourism: an Analysis of Benefits Sought, Health-Promoting Behaviors and Positive Psychological Well-Being. Master’s thesis, University of South Australia.
Voigt, C.; Brown, G. and Howat, G. (2011). Wellness Tourists: In Search of Transformation. Tourism Review. 66(1/2): 16 - 30
Voigt, C. and Pforr, C. (2014). Wellness Tourism: A Destination Perspective. New York: Rutledge.
Voigt, C.; Laing, J.; Wray, M.; Brown, G.; Howat, G.; Weiler, B. and Trembath, R. (2010). Health Tourism in Australia: Supply, Demand and Opportunity. Australia: CRC.
Wightman, D. and Wall, G. (1985). The Spa Experience at Radium Hot Springs. Annals of Tourism Research. 12(3): 393 - 416.
World Travel and Tourism Council. (2013). Travel and Tourism Economic Impact 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2016 form https://www.wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloads/ world2013_1.pdf
Yoon, Y. and Uysal, M. (2005). An Examination of the Effects of Motivation and Satisfaction on Destination Loyalty: a Structural Model. Tourism Management. 26(1): 45 - 56.
Bashar Aref Al-Haj Mohammad. and Ahmad, Puad Mat Som. (2010). An Analysis of Push and Pull Travel Motivations of Foreign Tourists to Jordan. International Journal of Business and Management. 5(12): 41.
Bindu, T. and Kanagaraj, C. (2013). A Study on International Tourist’s Satisfaction with Tourism Services. Life Science Journal. 10(9): 177 - 185.
Bushell, R. and Sheldon, P. J. (2009). Wellness and Tourism: Mind, Body, Spirit, Place. New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
Chen, J. S.; Prebensen, N. and Huan, T. C. (2008). Determining the Motivation of Wellness Travelers. Anatolia. 19 (1): 103 - 115.
Chen, K.; Liu, H. and Chang, F. (2013). Essential Customer Service Factors and the Segmentation of Older Visitors within Wellness Tourism Based on Hot Springs Hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 35: 122 - 132.
Crompton, John. L. (1979). Motivations for Pleasure Vacation. Annals of Tourism Research. 6 (4): 408 - 424.
Dann, G. M. S. (1981). Tourist Motivation: An Appraisal. Annals of Tourism Research. 8(2): 187 - 219.
Dawkins. M.; Gaunt. E. and Pforr. C. (2011). Nature and Scope of Wellness Tourism in Western Australia: The Case of the Margaret River Region. In CAUTHE 2011: National Conference: Tourism: Creating a Brillian Blend. J. Michael, ed. Adelaide, SA: University of South Australia. Pp. 130 - 140.
Fabrega, H., Jr. (1997). Evolution of Sickness and Healing. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Georgiev, G. and Vasileva, M. T. (2010). Conceptualization and Classification of Balneo, Spa and Wellness Establishments in Bulgaria. UTMS Journal of Economics. 1(2): 37 - 44.
Global Wellness Institute. (2014). The Global Wellness Tourism Economy 2013. Retrieved June 18 2015 form https://www.globalwellnesssummit.com/images/stories/pdf/ wellness_tourism_economy_exec_sum_final_10022013.pdf
Hallab, Z. (2006). Catering to the Healthy-Living Vacationer. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 12(1): 71 - 91.
Heung, V. S. and Kucukusta, D. (2013). Wellness Tourism in China: Resources, Development and Marketing. International Journal of Tourism Research. 15(4): 346 - 359.
Heung, V. S.; Qu, H. and Chu, R. (2001). The Relationship Between Vacation Factors and Socio-Demographic and Travelling Characteristics: the Case of Japanese Leisure Travelers. Tourism Management. 22: 259 - 269.
Holmes, P. S. and Collins, D. J. (2001). The PETLEP Approach to Motor Imagery: A Functional Equivalence Model for Sport Psychologists. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 13(1): 60 - 83.
Horx, M. (2002). Die Acht Spharen Der Zukunft-Ein Wegweiser in Die Kultur Des 21. Jahrhunderts, Wien: Amalthea-Signum.
Hritz, N. M.; Sidman, C. L. and D’Abundo, M. (2014). Segmenting the College Educated Generation Y Health and Wellness Traveler. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 31(1), 132 - 145.
Hudson, S. (2008). Tourism and Hospitality Marketing: A Global Perspective. London: Sage.
Illing, J. (2014). Thinking about Research: Theoretical Perspectives, Ethics and Scholarship. In Understanding Medical Education: Evidence, Theory and Practice. 2nd ed.
T. Swanwick, ed. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell. Pp. 331 - 347.
International Spa Association. (2004). The ISPA 2004 Consumer Trends Report: Executive Summary. Retrieved October6, 2015 from htpp://www.experienceceispa.com/ ISPA/Media+Room/Press+Releases/2004+ consumer +Trends+Summary.html
Joppe, M. (2010). One Country's Transformation to Spa Destination: The Case of Canada. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management. 17(1): 117 - 126.
Kangas, H. and Tuohino, A. (2008). Lake Wellness–Uusi Itäsuomalainen Innovaatio?. Matkailututkimus. 4(1): 23 - 41.
Konu, Henna. and Laukkanen, Tommi. (2009). Role of Motivation Factors in Predicting Tourist’ Intentions to Make Wellbeing Holidays-A Finnish Case. Retrieved Marcc 20, 2016 from https://www.duplication.net.au/ANZMACO9/ papers/ ANZMAC2009-376.pdf.
Kassean, H and Gassita, R. (2013). Exploring Tourists Push and Pull Motivations to Visit Mauritius as a Tourist Destination. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure. 12(3): 1 - 13.
Kickbusch, I. (2002). Influence and Opportunity: Reflections on the U.S. Role in Global Public Health. Health Affairs. 21(6): 131 - 141.
Kickbusch, I. and Payne, L. (2003). 21st Century Health Promotion: the Public Health Revolution Meets the Wellness Revolution. Health Promotion International. 18, 275 - 278.
Kim, B. H. and Batra, A. (2009). Healthy-living Behaviour Status and Motivational Characteristics of Foreign Tourists to Visit Wellness Facilities in Bangkok. In: The 2nd Annual PSU Phuket Research Conference Proceedings, Phuket, Prince of Songkla University, pp.1-8. Retrieved March 4, 2016 from https://www.conference.phuket.psu.ac.th/ PSU_OPEN_WEEK_2009/data/Hos pltality/Paper6.pdf
Koh, C.; Tan, H. S; Tan, K. C.; Fang, L.; Fong, F. M.; Kan, D. and Wee, M. L. (2010). Investigating the Effect of 3D Simulation Based Learning on the Motivation and Performance of Engineering Students. The Journal of Engineering Education. 99(3): 237 - 251.
Konu, Henna. and Laukkanen, Tommi. (2009). Role of Motivation Factors in Predicting Tourist’ Intentions to Make Wellbeing Holidays-A Finnish Case. Retrieved March 20, 2016 from https://www.duplication.net.au/ANZMACO9/ papers/ ANZMAC2009-376.pdf
Konu, Henna. and Laukkanen, Tommi. (2009). Role of Motivation Factors in Predicting Tourist’ Intentions to Make Wellbeing Holidays-A Finnish Case. Retrieved March 20, 2016 from https://www.duplication.net.au/ANZMACO9/ papers/ ANZMAC2009-376.pdf
Kucukusta, D. and Heung, V. S. (2012). The Problems of Developing Wellness Tourism in China: From Supply Perspective. Journal of China Tourism Research. 8 (2): 146 - 158.
Lehto, X. Y.; Brown, S.; Chen, Y. and Morrison, A. M. (2006). Yoga Tourism as a Niche within the Wellness Tourism Market. Tourism Recreation Research. 31(1): 25 - 35.
Mair, H. (2005). Tourism, Health and the Pharmacy: Towards a Critical Understanding of Health and Wellness Tourism. Tourism. 53(4): 335 - 346.
Mak, A. H. N.; Wong, K. K. F.and Chang, R. C. Y. (2009). Health or Self-Indulgence? The Motivations and Characteristics of Spa-Goers. International Journal of Tourism Research. 11(2): 185 - 199.
McCabe, S. and Johnson, S. (2013). The Happiness Factor in Tourism: Subjective Well-Being and Social Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 41(1): 42 - 65.
Ministry of Tourism in New Zealand. (2009). Tourist Activity: Natural-Based Tourism. Retrieve September 22, 2016 from: https://www.mbie.govt.nz/info-services/sectors-industries/tourism/tourism-research-data/other-research-and-reports/pdf-and-document-library/NatureBased.pdf
Ministry of Tourism and Sports. (2011). National Tourism Development Plan (2012 – 2016). Bangkok: Ministry of Tourism and Sports.
Mueller, H. and Kaufmann, E. L. (2001). Wellness Tourism: Market Analysis of a Special Health Tourism Segment and Implications for the Hotel Industry. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 7(1): 5 - 17.
Naylor, G. and Kleiser, S. B. (2002). Exploring the Differences in Perceptions of Satisfaction across Lifestyle Segments. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 8(4): 343 - 351.
Novelli, M. (2005). Niche Tourism: Contemporary Issues, Trends and Cases. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Nowacki, M. M. (2009). Quality of Visitor Attractions, Satisfaction, Benefits and Behavioral Intentions of Visitors: Verification of a Model. International Journal of Tourism Research. 11(3): 297 - 309.
Office of The National Economic and Social Development Board. (2011). The Tenth National Economic and Social Development Plan (2007 - 2011). Bangkok: Prime Minister’s Office.
Olimpia, B. (2009). The Identification of a Profile of the Wellness Tourism Consumer. Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series. 18(2): 40 - 45.
Panchal, Jenny H. (2012). The Asian Spa: a Study of Tourist Motivations, “Flow” and the Benefits of Spa Experiences. Master’s thesis, Cook University.
Park, D.-B. and Yoon, Y.-S. (2009). Segmentation by Motivation in Rural Tourism: A Korean Case Study. Tourism Management. 30(1): 99 - 108.
Pearce, P. L. (2005). Tourist Behavior: Themes and Conceptual Schemes. Clevedon, UK: Channel View.
Research International. (2009). ISPA 2008 Global Consumer Study. Powerpoint presentation.
Sharpley, R. and Deborah, J. (2011). Rural Tourism: A Spiritual Experience?. Annals of Tourism Research. 38(1): 52 - 71.
Smith, M. and Kelly, C. (2006). Wellness Tourism. Tourism Recreation Research. 31(1): 1 - 4.
Smith, M. and Puczko, L. (2009). Health, Tourism and Hospitality: Spas, Wellness and Medical Travel. Burlington, MA: Elsevier.
Stace, R.; Brown, A. M.; Purushothoman, M.; Schar, A. and Weichselbraun, A. (2007). National Indicators of Well-Being: Lessons from Pacific Island Countries’ Tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 12(3): 203 - 222.
Suresh, S.; Ganesan, P. P. and Ravichandran, S. (2007). Behavioral Segmentation of Wellness Clients. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research. 7(2): 131 - 150.
Thal, Karen, I. (2015). Self-Determination Theory and Wellness Tourism: How Do Wellness Facilities Contribute to Wellbeing?. Master’s thesis, University of Minnesotan.
UNEP and UNWTO. (2005). Making Tourism More Sustainable-A Guide for Policy Makers. Retrieved October 17, 2015 from https://www.unep.fr/shared/publications/pdf/ DTIx0592xPA-TourismPolicyEN.pdf
Uysal, M. and Jurowski, C. (1993). An Empirical Testing of the Push and Pull Factors of Tourist Motivations. Annals of Tourism Research. 21 (4): 844 - 846.
Voigt, C. (2010). Understanding Wellness Tourism: an Analysis of Benefits Sought, Health-Promoting Behaviors and Positive Psychological Well-Being. Master’s thesis, University of South Australia.
Voigt, C.; Brown, G. and Howat, G. (2011). Wellness Tourists: In Search of Transformation. Tourism Review. 66(1/2): 16 - 30
Voigt, C. and Pforr, C. (2014). Wellness Tourism: A Destination Perspective. New York: Rutledge.
Voigt, C.; Laing, J.; Wray, M.; Brown, G.; Howat, G.; Weiler, B. and Trembath, R. (2010). Health Tourism in Australia: Supply, Demand and Opportunity. Australia: CRC.
Wightman, D. and Wall, G. (1985). The Spa Experience at Radium Hot Springs. Annals of Tourism Research. 12(3): 393 - 416.
World Travel and Tourism Council. (2013). Travel and Tourism Economic Impact 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2016 form https://www.wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloads/ world2013_1.pdf
Yoon, Y. and Uysal, M. (2005). An Examination of the Effects of Motivation and Satisfaction on Destination Loyalty: a Structural Model. Tourism Management. 26(1): 45 - 56.