NOSTALGIA TOURISM FACTORS AFFECTING ON THAILAND REVISIT INTENTION OF THAI EXPATRIATES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Thai expatriates were defined as ones from other countries visiting Thailand and spending foreign currency for tourism. Their potentials were as much as other foreign tourists but much more ally to Thailand. This research aimed to study the group of Thai expatriates, and applied with nostalgia tourism. The objectives of this research were to study 1) the demographic of Thai expatriates and 2) the factors of nostalgia tourism affecting Thailand revisiting intention. The study was quantitative research with 400 questionnaires employed. Findings found that most respondents were married female, aged between 41-50 year-old, had bachelor degree, self-employed and earning between 150,000-300,000 baht per month. For the importance of all 3 nostalgia tourism factors influencing Thailand revisiting intention, the overall opinions were at highest level. Personal Identity, Socialization, and Authenticity were both highest level and National Identity was high. Hypothesis test results found that Thai expatriates’ nostalgia tourism factors were correlated with their Thailand revisiting intention with statistical significance at 0.05 level. The research results could be supported to tourism business and stakeholders in order to develop tourism regarding travel motivation and nostalgia tourism which could be supplied to the needs of Thai expatriates in the future.
Article Details
Article Screening Policy
- All research and academic articles to be published must be considered and screened by three peer reviews in the relevant field / article.
- All articles, texts, illustrations and tables published in the journal are the personal opinions of the authors. Editors don't always have to agree. And no responsibility whatsoever is the sole responsibility of the author.
- The articles to be published must never be published. Where did you first publish? And not in the consideration of other journals If the audit found that there has been a duplicate publication It is the sole responsibility of the author.
- Any article that the reader sees as being plagiarized or impersonated without reference. Or mislead the work of the author Please let the journal editor know it will be your greatest blessing.
References
Baker, S.M. & Kennedy, P.F. (1994). Death by nostalgia: A diagnosis of context-specific cases, In C.T. Allen & D.R. John (Eds.), Advances in consumer research. 21, 169-174. Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research.
Barnes, S.J., Mattsson, J. & Soressen, F. (2016). Remembered experiences and revisit intentions: A longitudinal study of safari park visitors. Tourism Management, 57, 286-294.
Carneiro, M.J. & Crompton, J.L. (2010). The influence of involvement, familiarity, and constraints on the search for information about destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 49(4), 451-470.
Ruangpraphan, C. (1996). Basic Statistics 2nd ed. Khon Kaen: Klangnana Wittaya. (in Thai)
Cho, H., G. Ramshaw & W. Norman. 2014. A Conceptual Model for Nostalgia in the Context of Sport Tourism: Re-classifying the Sporting Event. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 19:145–67.
Dahl, Melissa (2016, February 25). The Little-Known Medical History of Homesickness. https://www.thecut.com/2016/02/homesickness-was-once-considered-a-medical-diagnosis.html.
Dale, N.F. & Ritchie, B.W. (2020). Understanding travel behavior: A study of school excursion motivations, constraints and behavior. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 11-22.
Davis, F. (1979). Yearning for yesterday: A sociology of nostalgia. New York: Free Press.
Department of Consular Affairs. (2021, March 9). Thai population in abroad. https://consular.mfa.go.th/th/publicservice/จำนวนคนไทยในต่างประเทศ-ปี-2564-สถานะ-วันที่-9-มีนาคม-2564?cate=5ddcafdb615f3b0bcb7cab84. (in Thai)
Department of Mental Health. (2021). Social Distance with Care. https://www.dmh.go.th/news-dmh/view.asp?id=31078. (in Thai)
Dicks, B. (2008). Performing the Hidden Injuries of Class in Coal-Mining Heritage. Sociology, 42(3): 436-452.
Fairley, S. 2003. In Search of Relived Social experience: Group Based Nostalgia Sport Tourism. Journal of Sport Management, 17 (3): 284–304.
Fairley, S., and S. Gammon. 2005. Something Lived, Something Learned: Nostalgia’s Expanding Role in Sport Tourism. Sport in Society, 8 (2): 182–97.
Ford, J.B., Merchant, A., Bartier, A.L. & Friedman, M. (2018). The cross-cultural scale development process: The case of brand-evoked nostalgia in Belgium and the United States. Journal of Business Research, 83, 19-29.
Gao, J, Lin, S.S. & Zhang, C. (2020). Authenticity, involvement, and nostalgia: Understanding visitor satisfaction with an adaptive reuse heritage site in urban China. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 15.
Jones, S. (2010). Negotiating Authentic Objects and Authentic Selves: Beyond the Deconstruction of Authenticity. Journal of Material Culture, 15(2) 181-203.
Krejcie, R. V. & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Loureiro, S.M.C. (2014). The role of the rural tourism experience economy in place attachment and behavioral intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 40, 1–9.
Mahajuntakarn, W. (2016). The Subversion of National Identity in Ôe Kenzaburô’s Literary Works. JSN Journal, 6(1), 155. (in Thai)
Nadeau, J., Heslop, L., O’Reilly, N., & Luk, P. (2008). Destination in a country image context. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(1), 84–106.
Petersen, E., McCloskey, B., Hui, D.S., Kock, R.A., Ntoumi, F. Memish, Z.A. & Hamer, D.H. (2020). COVID-19 travel restrictions and the international health regulations: Call for an open debate on easing of travel restrictions. International Journal of Infectious Diseases.
Pumma, N. & Rodsap, N. (2012). Nostalgia in Thai Tourism Industry. Mekong-Salween Civilization Studies Journal, 3. (in Thai)
Renko, S & Bucar, K. (2014). Sensing nostalgia through traditional food: An insight from Croatia. British Food Journal, 116(11), 1672-1691.
Sedikides, C., Wildschut, T., Routledge, C., Arndt, J., Hepper, E. G., & Zhou, X. (2015). To nostalgize: Mixing memory with affect and desire. Advances in experimental social psychology, 51, 189-273.
Smeekes, A., & Jetten, J. (2016). Longing for one’s home country: National nostalgia and acculturation among immigrants and natives. Utrecht, The Netherlands: Utrecht University, Ercomer.
Stern, B. (1992). Historical and personal nostalgia in advertising text: The fin de siècle effect. Journal of Advertising, 21(4), 11-22.
Wildschut, T., Bruder, M., Robertson, S., Tilburg, W.A.P.V., and Sedikides, C. (2014). Collective nostalgia: a group-level emotion that confers unique benefits on the group. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107, 844–863.
Wright, P. (1985). On Living in an Old Country the National Past in Contemporary Britain. London: Verso.
Zhang, H.M., Fu, X.X., Cai, L.P. & Lu, L. (2014). Destination image and tourist loyalty: A meta-analysis. Tourism Management, 40(1), 213-223.